Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19094943 | Optical module and optical device | March 2025 | July 2025 | Allow | 4 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 19063218 | DEVICE FOR MASS TRANSFER OF MINI LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (MINI-LEDS) BASED ON ARRAY WATER JET-BASED EJECTION | February 2025 | April 2025 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18989552 | OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD | December 2024 | August 2025 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18769404 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MASS TRANSFER OF MINI LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (MINI-LEDS) BASED ON ARRAY WATER JET-BASED EJECTION | July 2024 | November 2024 | Allow | 4 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 18712686 | DISPLAY PIXEL COMPRISING LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES FOR A DISPLAY SCREEN | May 2024 | August 2025 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18626810 | SUBPIXEL LIGHT EMITTING DIODES FOR DIRECT VIEW DISPLAY AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME | April 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18697320 | DISPLAY DEVICE | March 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18681712 | DISPLAY DEVICE | February 2024 | February 2025 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18427129 | DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME | January 2024 | January 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18413033 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ELECTRONIC DEVICE | January 2024 | October 2024 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18396320 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENT AND DISPLAY PANEL INCLUDING THE SAME | December 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 17 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18535955 | LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE TESTING CIRCUIT, LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE TESTING METHOD AND LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE MANUFACTURING METHOD | December 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18536117 | VERTICAL SOLID-STATE TRANSDUCERS AND HIGH VOLTAGE SOLID-STATE TRANSDUCERS HAVING BURIED CONTACTS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | December 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18533984 | Phosphor-Converted Red LEDs and Color-Tunable Multi-LED Packaged Light Emitting Devices | December 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 12 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18527387 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ELECTRONIC ELEMENT MODULE | December 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18518379 | DISPLAY DEVICE, SUBSTRATE FOR DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REPAIRING DISPLAY DEVICE | November 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 27 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 18514969 | FLAT BONDING METHOD OF LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND FLAT BONDER FOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE | November 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18561697 | METHOD FOR MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION PREPARATION OF FULL-COLOR NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR MICRO LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE ARRAY | November 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 12 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18508222 | DISPLAY DEVICE | November 2023 | February 2025 | Abandon | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18503590 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND DISPLAY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME | November 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 22 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18492760 | SELECTABLE-REPAIRING MICRO LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DISPLAY AND REPAIRING METHOD THEREOF | October 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18491428 | SELECTIVE PASSIVATION AND SELECTIVE DEPOSITION | October 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18379678 | METHOD FOR FORMING A SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURE | October 2023 | January 2026 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18375882 | METHOD OF REPAIRING THE LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE | October 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 21 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18475826 | TRENCH PATTERNING PROCESS USING MICROCRACKING | September 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 29 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18466436 | DISPLAY DEVICE | September 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 17 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18464297 | MICRO-ELECTRONIC ELEMENT TRANSFER METHOD | September 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18237202 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE CIRCUITRY FORMED FROM REMOTE RESERVOIRS | August 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 26 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18454217 | SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE | August 2023 | March 2026 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18234942 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE | August 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18234959 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE | August 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18448022 | EFUSE WITH FUSE WALLS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME | August 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18359034 | CUT METAL GATE IN MEMORY MACRO EDGE AND MIDDLE STRAP | July 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18356352 | Gate All Around Transistors With Different Threshold Voltages | July 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18354881 | STRAP-CELL ARCHITECTURE FOR EMBEDDED MEMORY | July 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18217261 | CONFIGURATIONS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR IMPROVED VISUAL PERFORMANCE OF A LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT DISPLAY AND/OR A CAMERA RECORDING AN IMAGE FROM THE DISPLAY | June 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18344155 | DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY APPARATUS | June 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18298343 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE | April 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 21 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18126487 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE | March 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18182508 | Circuit Structure and Method for Reducing Electronic Noises | March 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18119932 | DISPLAY DEVICE, SUBSTRATE FOR DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REPAIRING DISPLAY DEVICE | March 2023 | January 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18116259 | TRANSFERRING HEAD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRONIC DEVICE | March 2023 | March 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18113325 | MASS TRANSFER SYSTEM, ATTACHING DEVICE, AND MASS TRANSFER METHOD | February 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 35 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18112846 | REUSABLE DIE CATCH MATERIALS, REUSABLE DIE RELEASE MATERIALS, RELATED DIE TRANSFER SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME | February 2023 | November 2025 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18171563 | CIRCULARLY POLARIZED LIGHT EMITTING ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES | February 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 34 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18106818 | Vertical Light Emitting Diode Die Packaging Method | February 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 34 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18161383 | DISPLAY PANEL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | January 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 32 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 18101570 | HIGH EFFICIENCY VISIBLE AND ULTRAVIOLET NANOWIRE EMITTERS | January 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18152019 | FAN-OUT LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) DEVICE SUBSTRATE WITH EMBEDDED BACKPLANE, LIGHTING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE | January 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 13 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18091487 | BACKLIGHT-TYPE MINI LED CHIP AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREFOR | December 2022 | November 2025 | Abandon | 35 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 18088632 | DISPLAY DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | December 2022 | November 2025 | Allow | 35 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18010622 | LIGHT EMITTING ARRAY | December 2022 | August 2025 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18009470 | DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRISING SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT | December 2022 | February 2026 | Allow | 38 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17997509 | DISPLAY STRUCTURE FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES | October 2022 | August 2025 | Allow | 34 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17971224 | HIGH-RESOLUTION ULTRA-THIN LED DISPLAY FOR AR AND VR DEVICES AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | October 2022 | December 2025 | Allow | 37 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17970223 | MICRO SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP TRANSFER SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DISPLAY APPARATUS | October 2022 | October 2025 | Allow | 36 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17918229 | MICRO LED CHIP TRANSFER METHOD | October 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17936645 | LED DISPLAY MODULE AND DISPLAY DEVICE | September 2022 | September 2025 | Allow | 36 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17903921 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PACKAGE | September 2022 | August 2024 | Allow | 23 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17815629 | Integrated Circuit Packages and Methods of Forming the Same | July 2022 | March 2026 | Allow | 43 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17759529 | Curable Compositions for Forming Light Scattering Layers | July 2022 | December 2025 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17839048 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE | June 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 36 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17776923 | THIN FILM TRANSISTOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS | May 2022 | October 2025 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17689108 | SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE WITH BARRIER LAYER | March 2022 | August 2025 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17648307 | SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | January 2022 | September 2024 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17564081 | NANOPARTICLE INK COMPOSITION, LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE | December 2021 | November 2025 | Allow | 46 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17560691 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE WITH AN EMBEDDED ACTIVE DEVICE | December 2021 | January 2026 | Allow | 49 | 4 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17457438 | LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE CHIP AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME | December 2021 | October 2025 | Abandon | 46 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17517158 | LIGHT EMITTING DIODE FILAMENT INCLUDING FLIP CHIP LIGHT EMITTING DIODES TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF PHOSPHOR THAT IS INTEGRATED INTO THE FILAMENT | November 2021 | November 2025 | Allow | 49 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17511660 | DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY PANEL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME | October 2021 | October 2025 | Allow | 48 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17488026 | ELECTRONIC COMPONENT MANUFACTURING METHOD | September 2021 | February 2024 | Allow | 29 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17477806 | HYBRID BONDING STRUCTURES, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING THE SAME, AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES | September 2021 | December 2024 | Allow | 39 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17432416 | DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY PANEL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME | August 2021 | August 2025 | Allow | 48 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17445287 | TILED DISPLAY DEVICE | August 2021 | July 2025 | Allow | 47 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17399683 | MICRO-LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODE ARRAY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME | August 2021 | March 2025 | Allow | 43 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17394413 | STRETCHABLE DISPLAY MODULE | August 2021 | October 2024 | Abandon | 38 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17390608 | SELECTIVE PASSIVATION AND SELECTIVE DEPOSITION | July 2021 | August 2025 | Allow | 48 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17382825 | APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENTS AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENTS USING THE SAME | July 2021 | February 2024 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17371069 | ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | July 2021 | July 2024 | Allow | 37 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17420871 | Electronic Device and Method for Assembling an Electronic Device | July 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 38 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17362394 | DISPLAY DEVICE AND TILED DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME | June 2021 | March 2025 | Allow | 45 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17362714 | DISPLAY DEVICE | June 2021 | September 2025 | Allow | 51 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17361141 | LOCALIZED HEATING IN LASER ANNEALING PROCESS | June 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 30 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17360661 | MASS TRANSFER DEVICE AND TRANSFER METHOD THEREFOR | June 2021 | February 2025 | Abandon | 44 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17418657 | IMAGING ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF IMAGING ELEMENT | June 2021 | September 2025 | Abandon | 51 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17352872 | STRETCHABLE DISPLAY | June 2021 | January 2025 | Allow | 43 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17352622 | INTERNAL-ION GATED ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSISTORS | June 2021 | July 2024 | Allow | 36 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17304219 | MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES INCLUDING STAIR STEP STRUCTURES, AND RELATED MEMORY DEVICES, ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, AND METHODS | June 2021 | August 2025 | Allow | 50 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17347046 | DISPLAY DEVICE AND TILED DISPLAY INCLUDING THE SAME | June 2021 | August 2024 | Allow | 38 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17344979 | DISPLAY DEVICE, LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE SUBSTRATE, AND FABRICATION METHOD OF DISPLAY DEVICE | June 2021 | June 2025 | Allow | 48 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17312030 | DISPLAY SUBSTRATE AND DISPLAY DEVICE | June 2021 | December 2024 | Allow | 42 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17311298 | MICRO LED DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | June 2021 | October 2024 | Abandon | 40 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17336337 | PATTERN FORMING METHOD, PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, CURED FILM, LAMINATE, AND DEVICE | June 2021 | April 2025 | Allow | 46 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17335900 | METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING A LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE FOR DISPLAY | June 2021 | October 2025 | Abandon | 53 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17317779 | SUBPIXEL LIGHT EMITTING DIODES FOR DIRECT VIEW DISPLAY AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME | May 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 32 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17242911 | UNIT PIXEL HAVING LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES AND DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME | April 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17238163 | DISPLAY DEVICE | April 2021 | October 2024 | Allow | 42 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17237008 | METHOD FOR REDUCING LINE END SPACING AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES MANUFACTURED THEREOF | April 2021 | May 2025 | Allow | 49 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17235577 | SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE | April 2021 | July 2024 | Allow | 38 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17234173 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REPAIRING VACANCIES RESULTING FROM MASS TRANSFER OF DEVICES | April 2021 | April 2024 | Allow | 36 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner MEHTA, RATISHA.
With a 100.0% reversal rate, the PTAB has reversed the examiner's rejections more often than affirming them. This reversal rate is in the top 25% across the USPTO, indicating that appeals are more successful here than in most other areas.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 100.0% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is in the top 25% across the USPTO, indicating that filing appeals is particularly effective here. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.
✓ Appeals to PTAB show good success rates. If you have a strong case on the merits, consider fully prosecuting the appeal to a Board decision.
✓ Filing a Notice of Appeal is strategically valuable. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.
Examiner MEHTA, RATISHA works in Art Unit 2817 and has examined 116 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 94.0%, this examiner allows applications at a higher rate than most examiners at the USPTO. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 36 months.
Examiner MEHTA, RATISHA's allowance rate of 94.0% places them in the 82% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner is more likely to allow applications than most examiners at the USPTO.
On average, applications examined by MEHTA, RATISHA receive 1.59 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 30% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues fewer office actions than average, which may indicate efficient prosecution or a more lenient examination style.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by MEHTA, RATISHA is 36 months. This places the examiner in the 36% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly slower than average with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +7.9% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by MEHTA, RATISHA. This interview benefit is in the 37% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide a below-average benefit with this examiner.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 31.7% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 65% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. Consider whether your amendments or new arguments are strong enough to warrant an RCE versus filing a continuation.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 34.9% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 52% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows above-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. If your amendments clearly overcome the rejections and do not raise new issues, consider filing after-final amendments before resorting to an RCE.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 50.0% of appeals filed. This is in the 18% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: This examiner rarely withdraws rejections during the appeal process compared to other examiners. If you file an appeal, be prepared to fully prosecute it to a PTAB decision. Per MPEP § 1207, the examiner will prepare an Examiner's Answer maintaining the rejections.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 0.0% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 4% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions are rarely granted regarding this examiner's actions compared to other examiners. Ensure you have a strong procedural basis before filing a petition, as the Technology Center Director typically upholds this examiner's decisions.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 24% percentile). This examiner rarely makes examiner's amendments compared to other examiners. You should expect to make all necessary claim amendments yourself through formal amendment practice.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 3.7% of allowed cases (in the 76% percentile). Per MPEP § 714.14, a Quayle action indicates that all claims are allowable but formal matters remain. This examiner frequently uses Quayle actions compared to other examiners, which is a positive indicator that once substantive issues are resolved, allowance follows quickly.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.