Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18943450 | ADDRESS LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION METHOD AND APPARATUS APPLIED TO CDN, DEVICE, AND MEDIUM | November 2024 | January 2025 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18624933 | MODIFYING SIGNAL ASSOCIATIONS IN COMPLEX COMPUTING NETWORKS | April 2024 | April 2025 | Allow | 12 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18589903 | POLICY INSTANCE REUSE IN CONTROL PLANES OF NETWORKS | February 2024 | April 2025 | Allow | 14 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18415429 | PERMISSION BASED MEDIA COMPOSITION | January 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 14 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18414917 | Deployment of Workflow Tasks with Fixed Preconfigured Parameters in Cloud-Based Media Applications | January 2024 | October 2024 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18397199 | FLEXIBLE REMOTE DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS | December 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18388514 | INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD AND APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND STORAGE MEDIUM | November 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 16 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18473763 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AUTOMATIC AND SELECTIVE REMOTE MOBILE DEVICE DATA EXTRACTION | September 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18471675 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA CENTER ROUTING | September 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 15 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18237016 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO CURATE NOTIFICATIONS FROM UNSUBSCRIBED SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS | August 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18221567 | ELECTRONIC PROCTOR SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING AND MONITORING REMOTE STUDENT INTERACTIONS | July 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18350121 | PROVIDING POST-CAPTURE MEDIA OVERLAYS FOR POST-CAPTURE PROCESSING IN A MESSAGING SYSTEM | July 2023 | March 2024 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18338462 | ANALYZING POLICIES EXECUTED IN A COMPUTER SYSTEM | June 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18328265 | EFFICIENT RESOURCE SELECTION IN A HYBRID FABRIC AND NTB-BASED STORAGE SYSTEM | June 2023 | March 2025 | Allow | 21 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18326858 | System And Method To Reduce Database Interruptions In A Service-Based Architecture | May 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 21 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18317911 | PLATFORM-INITIATED SOCIAL MEDIA POSTING WITH FEATURE ROADBLOCK | May 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18196706 | COORDINATION SYSTEM, COORDINATION METHOD, AND PROGRAM | May 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18301810 | Deployment of Workflow Tasks with Fixed Preconfigured Parameters in Cloud-Based Media Applications | April 2023 | October 2023 | Allow | 6 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18299061 | METHOD FOR PROVIDING LOCATION-BASED CONTENT-LINKING ICON, SYSTEM FOR THE SAME, AND COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM | April 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18162076 | DELAYING CLIENT CONTENT DOWNLOADS BASED ON PARTICIPANT ATTENTION LEVEL | January 2023 | April 2025 | Abandon | 26 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18158596 | MULTIPLE STATE CONTROL INTERFACES BETWEEN A CONTROL PLANE AND A USER PLANE IN A DISAGGREGATED BROADBAND NETWORK GATEWAY ARCHITECTURE | January 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 23 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18095079 | Smart Speaker Media Network System and Method | January 2023 | November 2024 | Abandon | 22 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18145506 | Systems and Method for Publication of Applications Using Server-Side Virtual Screen Change Capture | December 2022 | October 2023 | Allow | 10 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18086138 | LEVERAGING AFFINITY BETWEEN CONTENT CREATOR AND VIEWER TO IMPROVE CREATOR RETENTION | December 2022 | February 2024 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18084731 | VOICE USER INTERFACE SHARING OF CONTENT | December 2022 | May 2024 | Allow | 16 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18083962 | DETERMINING ALTERNATE MEETING PARTICIPANTS BASED ON PURPOSE AND ROLE DETECTION | December 2022 | April 2024 | Allow | 16 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18071269 | EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF CONTENT PACKAGE OBJECTS | November 2022 | September 2024 | Allow | 22 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18051298 | Systems and Methods for Determining a Network Path Trace | October 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17973115 | METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING AND MANAGING QUIC CONNECTIONS FOR MIDDLEBOXES | October 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 30 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17937042 | RESOURCE RETENTION RULES ENCOMPASSING MULTIPLE RESOURCE TYPES FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY SERVICE | September 2022 | April 2024 | Allow | 18 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17935817 | Iterative Classifier Training on Online Social Networks | September 2022 | October 2024 | Abandon | 25 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17942795 | CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS LINKS IN NETWORKS WITH COMPETING OBJECTIVES | September 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17941878 | MICROSERVICE CALL METHOD AND APPARATUS, DEVICE, AND MEDIUM | September 2022 | September 2024 | Allow | 24 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17799282 | IOT CONNECTION SYSTEM, INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM | September 2022 | November 2024 | Abandon | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17901720 | FLEXIBLE REMOTE DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS | September 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 12 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17887594 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EVENT-BASED SEARCHING ON SOCIAL MEDIA | August 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 26 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17885977 | System and Method of Integrating Standard and non-Standard Network Services | August 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 33 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17878370 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DYNAMIC STATE RECONCILIATION | August 2022 | March 2024 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17871415 | REQUEST HANDLING WITH AUTOMATIC SCHEDULING | July 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 13 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17788945 | SCRIPT DISCRIMINATION APPARATUS, SCRIPT DISCRIMINATION METHOD AND SCRIPT DISCRIMINATION SYSTEM | June 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 25 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17664377 | AUGMENTED REALITY OBJECTS REGISTRY | May 2022 | October 2023 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17708322 | DETECTING APPLICATION PERFORMANCE BREAKING POINTS BASED ON UNCERTAINTY AND ACTIVE LEARNING | March 2022 | August 2024 | Allow | 29 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17703314 | TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING ENCRYPTED STREAMING TRAFFIC USING UNDERLYING TRANSPORT METRICS | March 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 28 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17641010 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVICE FOR PROVIDING DEVICE CONTROL FUNCTION BASED ON INTERWORKING BETWEEN DEVICES AND METHOD THEREFOR | March 2022 | December 2024 | Allow | 33 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17649210 | MEETING CONTENT SUMMARIZATION FOR DISCONNECTED PARTICIPANTS | January 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 29 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17563485 | AI-BASED COMPENSATION OF RESOURCE CONSTRAINED COMMUNICATION | December 2021 | July 2023 | Allow | 19 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17546942 | CHATBOT WITH SELF-CORRECTION ON RESPONSE GENERATION | December 2021 | September 2023 | Allow | 21 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17457563 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REVIEW AND RESPONSE TO SOCIAL MEDIA POSTINGS | December 2021 | October 2024 | Abandon | 35 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17538262 | Executing A Machine Learning Model In An Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure | November 2021 | June 2023 | Allow | 18 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17519414 | IDENTIFICATION OF LOCATION-TRACKED AUDIENCES | November 2021 | December 2024 | Allow | 38 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17412882 | SYSTEMS FOR CONTENT RECOGNITION AND CONTENT-BASED NETWORK LINK STORAGE AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF | August 2021 | July 2024 | Allow | 35 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17386056 | GENERIC ENDPOINT PACKAGE | July 2021 | July 2024 | Abandon | 36 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17379387 | AUTOMATED SERVICES EXCHANGE | July 2021 | June 2024 | Allow | 35 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17330641 | VALIDATING A DEVICE CLASS CLAIM USING MACHINE LEARNING | May 2021 | September 2023 | Allow | 28 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17240586 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ANALYZING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS AND CUSTOMER INFORMATION TO RECOGNIZE AND MITIGATE MESSAGE-BASED ATTACKS | April 2021 | August 2024 | Abandon | 40 | 2 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 17211445 | ONBOARDING DISTRIBUTED CONTROL NODE USING SECONDARY CHANNEL | March 2021 | May 2024 | Allow | 38 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17277521 | Device and Method for Assisting SNS Consultation, and Program Therefor | March 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 33 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17191299 | METHOD, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING | March 2021 | April 2024 | Allow | 38 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17179964 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FEDERATED LEARNING | February 2021 | October 2024 | Allow | 44 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17133337 | PERMISSION BASED MEDIA COMPOSITION | December 2020 | October 2023 | Allow | 34 | 5 | 0 | No | No |
| 16995326 | Modifying Signal Associations in Complex Computing Networks | August 2020 | June 2024 | Abandon | 46 | 6 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 16940549 | Systems and methods for troubleshooting and performance analysis of cloud-based services | July 2020 | November 2023 | Allow | 40 | 6 | 0 | No | No |
| 16772085 | METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR MULTICAST SESSION MANAGEMENT IN 5G COMMUNICATION NETWORK | June 2020 | December 2023 | Allow | 42 | 3 | 1 | No | No |
| 16877976 | PERSONA BASED PRIVACY BROWSER | May 2020 | June 2023 | Allow | 37 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 16723076 | PLATFORM SYSTEM AND METHOD | December 2019 | October 2024 | Allow | 57 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15837973 | CLIENT SELECTION IN A DISTRIBUTED STRICT QUEUE | December 2017 | August 2018 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 15833563 | DISTRIBUTED GLOBAL DATA VAULTING MECHANISM FOR GRID BASED STORAGE | December 2017 | July 2018 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15671068 | DYNAMIC FORMATTING OF MESSAGES FOR MULTIPLE ENDPOINTS | August 2017 | April 2018 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 15334551 | DISTRIBUTED DATA STORAGE | October 2016 | October 2017 | Allow | 11 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 15224792 | MESSAGE MANAGEMENT METHOD | August 2016 | October 2016 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 15183425 | TECHNIQUES FOR FILTERING CONTENT PRESENTED IN A WEB BROWSER USING CONTENT ANALYTICS | June 2016 | January 2019 | Allow | 31 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15170404 | ACCESSING DATA WHEN TRANSFERRING THE DATA BETWEEN STORAGE FACILITIES | June 2016 | January 2019 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 15168576 | TCP OFFLOAD SEND OPTIMIZATION | May 2016 | January 2017 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 15095502 | EFFICIENT TRANSPORT OF DATA ENCODED USING MULTIPLE TEMPLATES | April 2016 | April 2018 | Allow | 24 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 14995336 | MESSAGE MANAGEMENT METHOD | January 2016 | July 2016 | Allow | 6 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 14755682 | RESOURCE CONFIGURATION CHANGE MANAGEMENT | June 2015 | April 2016 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14659208 | TECHNIQUES FOR FILTERING CONTENT PRESENTED IN A WEB BROWSER USING CONTENT ANALYTICS | March 2015 | January 2019 | Allow | 46 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14628171 | DYNAMIC FORMATTING OF MESSAGES FOR MULTIPLE ENDPOINTS | February 2015 | March 2017 | Allow | 25 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14542256 | INTER-DOMAIN REPLICATION OF SERVICE INFORMATION | November 2014 | December 2015 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 14485502 | DISTRIBUTED DATA STORAGE | September 2014 | June 2016 | Allow | 21 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14318216 | CLIENT SELECTION IN A DISTRIBUTED STRICT QUEUE | June 2014 | January 2017 | Allow | 31 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 14315692 | INTEROPERABLE SOCIAL SERVICES | June 2014 | March 2017 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 14293580 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISCOVERING COMMUNICATION ENTITY | June 2014 | October 2016 | Allow | 29 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 14293636 | OPTIMIZATION OF COMPUTING RESOURCES THROUGH MONITORING AND MANIPULATING AVAILABILTY | June 2014 | March 2017 | Allow | 34 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14205223 | RUGGED AND MOBILE MEDIA SERVER AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING MEDIA TO PASSENGERS ON A PUBLIC TRANPORT VEHICLE | March 2014 | February 2016 | Abandon | 23 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 14026493 | INTEROPERABLE SOCIAL SERVICES | September 2013 | November 2016 | Allow | 38 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13890820 | INTER-DOMAIN REPLICATION OF SERVICE INFORMATION | May 2013 | August 2014 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 13845525 | PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING METHOD AND COMPUTER SYSTEM | March 2013 | September 2014 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13713993 | APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR HYBRID SERVICE DISCOVERY | December 2012 | May 2015 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 13460848 | RESOURCE CONFIGURATION CHANGE MANAGEMENT | May 2012 | January 2015 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 13427208 | METHOD OF PROCESSING WEB ACCESS INFORMATION AND SERVER IMPLEMENTING SAME | March 2012 | January 2016 | Allow | 46 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 13425666 | DYNAMIC RATE HEARTBEATING FOR INTER-NODE STATUS UPDATING | March 2012 | August 2015 | Allow | 41 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 13424970 | INTER-DOMAIN REPLICATION OF SERVICE INFORMATION | March 2012 | August 2014 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 13252009 | TECHNIQUE FOR ACCURATELY DETECTING SYSTEM FAILURE | October 2011 | January 2015 | Allow | 40 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13175952 | DISKLESS PC NETWORK COMMUNICATION AGENT SYSTEM | July 2011 | October 2013 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13174112 | DYNAMIC FORMATTING OF MESSAGES FOR MULTIPLE ENDPOINTS | June 2011 | November 2014 | Allow | 41 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13174579 | RESOURCE CONFIGURATION CHANGE MANAGEMENT | June 2011 | January 2015 | Allow | 42 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13174350 | Distributed Data Storage | June 2011 | June 2014 | Allow | 36 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 12850610 | ROUTER-BASED DISPERSED STORAGE NETWORK METHOD AND APPARATUS | August 2010 | December 2014 | Allow | 53 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 12725563 | PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING METHOD AND COMPUTER SYSTEM | March 2010 | December 2012 | Allow | 33 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner COX, NATISHA D.
With a 0.0% reversal rate, the PTAB affirms the examiner's rejections in the vast majority of cases. This reversal rate is in the bottom 25% across the USPTO, indicating that appeals face significant challenges here.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 25.0% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is below the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal has limited effectiveness in prompting favorable reconsideration.
⚠ Appeals to PTAB face challenges. Ensure your case has strong merit before committing to full Board review.
⚠ Filing a Notice of Appeal shows limited benefit. Consider other strategies like interviews or amendments before appealing.
Examiner COX, NATISHA D works in Art Unit 2458 and has examined 114 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 92.1%, this examiner allows applications at a higher rate than most examiners at the USPTO. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 29 months.
Examiner COX, NATISHA D's allowance rate of 92.1% places them in the 77% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner is more likely to allow applications than most examiners at the USPTO.
On average, applications examined by COX, NATISHA D receive 1.96 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 63% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues a slightly above-average number of office actions.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by COX, NATISHA D is 29 months. This places the examiner in the 46% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly slower than average with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +8.3% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by COX, NATISHA D. This interview benefit is in the 41% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide a below-average benefit with this examiner.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 30.4% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 51% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. Consider whether your amendments or new arguments are strong enough to warrant an RCE versus filing a continuation.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 25.0% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 25% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows below-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. You may need to file an RCE or appeal rather than relying on after-final amendment entry.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 100.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 70% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: Pre-appeal conferences show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. If you have strong arguments, a PAC request may result in favorable reconsideration.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 50.0% of appeals filed. This is in the 12% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 50.0% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner rarely withdraws rejections during the appeal process compared to other examiners. If you file an appeal, be prepared to fully prosecute it to a PTAB decision. Per MPEP § 1207, the examiner will prepare an Examiner's Answer maintaining the rejections.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 60.0% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 77% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions are frequently granted regarding this examiner's actions compared to other examiners. Per MPEP § 1002.02(c), various examiner actions are petitionable to the Technology Center Director, including prematureness of final rejection, refusal to enter amendments, and requirement for information. If you believe an examiner action is improper, consider filing a petition.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 1.8% of allowed cases (in the 75% percentile). Per MPEP § 1302.04, examiner's amendments are used to place applications in condition for allowance when only minor changes are needed. This examiner frequently uses this tool compared to other examiners, indicating a cooperative approach to getting applications allowed. Strategic Insight: If you are close to allowance but minor claim amendments are needed, this examiner may be willing to make an examiner's amendment rather than requiring another round of prosecution.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 17% percentile). This examiner rarely issues Quayle actions compared to other examiners. Allowances typically come directly without a separate action for formal matters.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.