Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19077384 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING PLASMA | March 2025 | May 2025 | Allow | 3 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18871508 | PERFORATING DEVICE | December 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 4 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18955269 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING PLASMA | November 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 4 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18936174 | APPARATUS FOR DRAWING MEDICINE FROM A MEDICINE CONTAINER TO A SYRINGE | November 2024 | January 2025 | Allow | 3 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18792233 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TRANSCAVAL TREATMENT OF ANEURYSMS | August 2024 | January 2025 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18747453 | BLOOD-GAS EXCHANGE DEVICE AND METHODS OF USE | June 2024 | September 2024 | Allow | 3 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18672118 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING UNDESIRABLE MATERIAL WITHIN A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | May 2024 | December 2024 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18641626 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING UNDESIRABLE MATERIAL WITHIN A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | April 2024 | September 2024 | Allow | 4 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18634734 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TRANSCAVAL TREATMENT OF ANEURYSMS | April 2024 | January 2025 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18627596 | MULTI-VIAL ADAPTERS FOR RECONSTITUTING OR DILUTING LYOPHILIZED OR CONCENTRATED DRUG PRODUCTS | April 2024 | December 2024 | Allow | 8 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18623033 | INTEGRATED URINE ANAEROBIC COLLECTION AND CULTURE APPARATUS | April 2024 | August 2024 | Allow | 4 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18419262 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TRANSCAVAL TREATMENT OF ANEURYSMS | January 2024 | July 2024 | Allow | 5 | 0 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18407218 | DEVICES FOR BLOOD CAPTURE AND REINTRODUCTION DURING ASPIRATION PROCEDURE | January 2024 | August 2024 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18380909 | ONCODIALYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PERSONALIZED AUTOLOGOUS CANCER VACCINE AND BLOOD PURIFICATION | October 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 10 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18473203 | EYE STENTS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS | September 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18342447 | Dialysis Sheath For Use In Accessing A Dialysis Arteriovenous Graft Or Fistula And Methods Of Use | June 2023 | January 2024 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18254741 | SECURE RECONSTRUCTION DEVICE | May 2023 | November 2023 | Allow | 5 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18129866 | ONCODIALYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PERSONALIZED CANCER VACCINE AND BLOOD PURIFICATION | April 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 13 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18171651 | URETERAL STENT ASSEMBLY AND STENT PUSHER THEREOF | February 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18171639 | EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD FILTERING MACHINE AND METHODS | February 2023 | February 2024 | Abandon | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18165664 | SELF-SEALING TRABECULECTOMY | February 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18018826 | FILTER SYSTEM FOR A CLOSED FLUID-TRANSFER SYSTEM WITH PRESSURE EQUALIZATION | January 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18092235 | FLUID TRANSFER COUPLINGS | December 2022 | December 2023 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 2 | No | No |
| 17914399 | SURGICAL METHOD, DEVICE, SYSTEM AND KIT FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS | September 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 32 | 0 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17933593 | PERFUSION DOSAGE FORM | September 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 7 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17943410 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING PLASMA | September 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17802254 | INTRAOCULAR SHUNTS WITH LOW-PROFILE ACTUATION ELEMENTS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | August 2022 | March 2023 | Allow | 6 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17814542 | CASSETTE APPARATUS UTILIZING ELECTRIC FIELD FOR PROCESSING OF BLOOD TO NEUTRALIZE PATHOGEN CELLS THEREIN | July 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 13 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17814549 | CASSETTE APPARATUS UTILIZING VENTING FOR PROCESSING OF BLOOD TO REMOVE PATHOGEN CELLS THEREIN | July 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 14 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17838066 | Method and Apparatus for Implant in the Conventional Aqueous Humor Outflow Pathway of a Mammalian Eye | June 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17834031 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PERFUSING A SUBJECT'S HEART VIA THE CORONARY SINUS | June 2022 | February 2023 | Allow | 9 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17824789 | CURVED MICROTUBE FOR TREATING GLAUCOMA | May 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 37 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17765590 | ADJUSTABLE FLOW GLAUCOMA SHUNTS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | March 2022 | October 2022 | Allow | 6 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17763163 | Medical Devices and Methods Thereof for Determining Bacterial Infections in Blood | March 2022 | December 2022 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17701378 | Implantable Shunt System and Method | March 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 39 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17684544 | SHUNTING SYSTEMS WITH ROTATION-BASED FLOW CONTROL ASSEMBLIES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | March 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 37 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17675044 | PURGER DEVICE FOR OXYGENATORS | February 2022 | March 2025 | Allow | 36 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17651636 | CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY OCULAR IMPLANTS AND METHODS OF USING SAME | February 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 39 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17669883 | Methods of Amelioration of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Devices and Systems Therefor | February 2022 | March 2025 | Allow | 37 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17589454 | System for Washing Red Blood Cells to Reduce Hemolysis | January 2022 | December 2024 | Allow | 34 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17569329 | EYE STENTS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS | January 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 39 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17606661 | ADJUSTABLE FLOW GLAUCOMA SHUNTS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | October 2021 | August 2022 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17506565 | ADJUSTABLE SHUNTS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | October 2021 | March 2025 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17500224 | ADJUSTABLE FLOW GLAUCOMA SHUNTS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING SAME | October 2021 | November 2024 | Allow | 37 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17500210 | ADJUSTABLE FLOW GLAUCOMA SHUNTS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING SAME | October 2021 | November 2024 | Allow | 37 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17498422 | BLOOD CIRCULATION SYSTEM | October 2021 | February 2025 | Allow | 40 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17444960 | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING PLACEMENT OF INTRAOCULAR IMPLANTS | August 2021 | October 2024 | Allow | 38 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17428561 | PLATELET LYSATE PRODUCTION METHOD, PRODUCTION SYSTEM, AND BAG SET | August 2021 | April 2025 | Allow | 44 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17427155 | LIQUID TRANSFER DEVICE | July 2021 | May 2022 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17388796 | DEVICES FOR ACCESSING MEDICINAL FLUID FROM A CONTAINER | July 2021 | March 2025 | Allow | 43 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17369127 | METHOD FOR EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD PURIFICATION AND DIALYSATE DISPOSAL | July 2021 | January 2025 | Allow | 43 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17345544 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ESTABLISHING RETROGRADE CAROTID ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW | June 2021 | July 2024 | Allow | 37 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17303857 | IMPLANTS WITH CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY FEATURES AND METHODS OF USING SAME | June 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 39 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17299055 | Implantable Shunt System and Method | June 2021 | February 2022 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17317455 | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR NEEDLELESS AND NEEDLED EXTRACTION OF CONTENTS FROM VIALS | May 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17291771 | Ureteral Catheter Structure | May 2021 | August 2024 | Allow | 40 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17242464 | IMPLANTABLE RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY DEVICE | April 2021 | August 2021 | Allow | 4 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17239609 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED HYPERTHERMIA | April 2021 | November 2021 | Allow | 7 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17237733 | METHOD OF PURGING A BLOOD PUMP | April 2021 | March 2025 | Abandon | 47 | 3 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 17237911 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ESTABLISHING RETROGRADE CAROTID ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW | April 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17231697 | HYBRID VENOUS RESERVOIR | April 2021 | April 2022 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17223534 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RAPIDLY COOLING OR HEATING THE BODY TEMPERATURE OF A PATIENT | April 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17205400 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING PLASMA | March 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 42 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17205374 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING PLASMA | March 2021 | August 2024 | Allow | 41 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17203284 | ADJUSTABLE SHUNTS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | March 2021 | September 2021 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17178066 | IMPLANTABLE BIOLOGIC STENT AND SYSTEM FOR BIOLOGIC MATERIAL SHAPING, PREPARATION, AND INTRAOCULAR STENTING FOR INCREASED AQUEOUS OUTFLOW AND LOWERING OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE | February 2021 | November 2024 | Allow | 45 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17177047 | SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR FLUID MONITORING | February 2021 | January 2022 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17175332 | SHUNTING SYSTEMS WITH ROTATION-BASED FLOW CONTROL ASSEMBLIES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS | February 2021 | January 2022 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17148799 | PUNCTURE NEEDLE AND METHOD OF USING GUIDE WIRE | January 2021 | May 2024 | Allow | 40 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17134733 | MEDICAL FLUID DELIVERY SYSTEM | December 2020 | December 2024 | Abandon | 48 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17254283 | INDWELLING URINARY CATHETERS | December 2020 | December 2024 | Abandon | 48 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17111880 | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR NEEDLELESS AND NEEDLED EXTRACTION OF CONTENTS FROM VIALS | December 2020 | March 2021 | Allow | 3 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17101265 | IMPLANTABLE DIALYSIS DEVICE | November 2020 | September 2024 | Allow | 46 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17054909 | Smart Artificial Lung And Perfusion Systems | November 2020 | October 2024 | Allow | 47 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17089176 | OCULAR IMPLANT DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHODS THEREOF | November 2020 | December 2024 | Abandon | 50 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17088497 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPLODING LEUKEMIA CELLS | November 2020 | November 2024 | Abandon | 48 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17072250 | Anaerobic Blood Storage Containers | October 2020 | May 2024 | Allow | 43 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17062440 | Methods of Amelioration of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Devices and Systems Therefor | October 2020 | December 2021 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17060495 | DEVICE AND INSTRUMENT FOR TREATMENT OF ELEVATED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE | October 2020 | October 2024 | Abandon | 49 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17041701 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PLASMA COLLECTION VOLUMES | September 2020 | June 2021 | Allow | 8 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17005586 | DEPLOYING SPLIT-TIP HEMODIALYSIS CATHETER IN A RIGHT ATRIUM | August 2020 | July 2024 | Allow | 46 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17004795 | Anchorless intragastric Device For Treating Obesity | August 2020 | September 2024 | Abandon | 49 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 16975307 | CONTROL OR REGULATING DEVICE | August 2020 | November 2024 | Allow | 51 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 16991435 | CATHETER, COMPOSITION FOR CATHETER, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR | August 2020 | September 2024 | Allow | 49 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 16988679 | GALECTIN-3 PLASMAPHERESIS THERAPY | August 2020 | June 2024 | Allow | 46 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16944314 | DEPLOYING SPLIT-TIP HEMODIALYSIS CATHETER IN A RIGHT ATRIUM | July 2020 | July 2024 | Allow | 48 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 16965408 | DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF BLOOD CHARACTERISTIC QUANTITIES IN AN EXTERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR SUPPORTING CIRCUIT | July 2020 | April 2024 | Allow | 45 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16931333 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING PLASMA | July 2020 | February 2021 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16902545 | MULTIPART FLUID SYSTEM AND A SYSTEM FOR REGIONAL CITRATE ANTICOAGULATION IN AN EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD CIRCUIT | June 2020 | August 2024 | Allow | 50 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 16891655 | SELF-SEALING CANNULA | June 2020 | February 2024 | Allow | 44 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16875053 | APPLICATOR AND A METHOD FOR THE TRANSPYLORIC PLACEMENT OR REMOVAL OF A TRANSPYLORIC AND/OR A TRANSDUODENAL BYPASS DEVICE IN/FROM THE REGION OF THE PYLORUS OF A PATIENT | May 2020 | July 2024 | Allow | 50 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 16868836 | Gas Exchange Composite Membranes and Methods of Use Thereof | May 2020 | November 2023 | Allow | 42 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16866078 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING PLASMA | May 2020 | February 2021 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16865837 | SHIELDING DEVICE USEFUL FOR MANIPULATING A RADIOACTIVE SOLUTION | May 2020 | January 2025 | Abandon | 56 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 16861854 | IMPLANTABLE BIOLOGIC STENT AND SYSTEM FOR BIOLOGIC MATERIAL SHAPING, PREPARATION, AND INTRAOCULAR STENTING FOR INCREASED AQUEOUS OUTFLOW AND LOWERING OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE | April 2020 | February 2021 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16840108 | ADJUSTABLE FLOW GLAUCOMA SHUNTS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING SAME | April 2020 | July 2021 | Allow | 16 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 16840137 | ADJUSTABLE FLOW GLAUCOMA SHUNTS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING SAME | April 2020 | July 2021 | Allow | 16 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 16828054 | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR INCREASING AQUEOUS HUMOR OUTFLOW | March 2020 | February 2024 | Allow | 47 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16817107 | INTEGRATED AUTOTRANSFUSION BOWL AND THE FLUID LINE ORGANIZER | March 2020 | October 2023 | Allow | 43 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16805440 | Flow Regulating Device In The Heart | February 2020 | July 2023 | Allow | 41 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner DEAK, LESLIE R.
With a 30.0% reversal rate, the PTAB affirms the examiner's rejections in the vast majority of cases. This reversal rate is below the USPTO average, indicating that appeals face more challenges here than typical.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 25.0% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is below the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal has limited effectiveness in prompting favorable reconsideration.
⚠ Appeals to PTAB face challenges. Ensure your case has strong merit before committing to full Board review.
⚠ Filing a Notice of Appeal shows limited benefit. Consider other strategies like interviews or amendments before appealing.
Examiner DEAK, LESLIE R works in Art Unit 3799 and has examined 322 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 86.6%, this examiner has an above-average tendency to allow applications. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 39 months.
Examiner DEAK, LESLIE R's allowance rate of 86.6% places them in the 60% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner has an above-average tendency to allow applications.
On average, applications examined by DEAK, LESLIE R receive 1.68 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 47% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues fewer office actions than average, which may indicate efficient prosecution or a more lenient examination style.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by DEAK, LESLIE R is 39 months. This places the examiner in the 11% percentile for prosecution speed. Applications take longer to reach final disposition with this examiner compared to most others.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +8.2% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by DEAK, LESLIE R. This interview benefit is in the 40% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide a below-average benefit with this examiner.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 31.7% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 58% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. Consider whether your amendments or new arguments are strong enough to warrant an RCE versus filing a continuation.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 38.9% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 52% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows above-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. If your amendments clearly overcome the rejections and do not raise new issues, consider filing after-final amendments before resorting to an RCE.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 20.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 25% percentile among all examiners. Note: Pre-appeal conferences show below-average success with this examiner. Consider whether your arguments are strong enough to warrant a PAC request.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 60.0% of appeals filed. This is in the 32% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 33.3% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner shows below-average willingness to reconsider rejections during appeals. Be prepared to fully prosecute appeals if filed.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 34.8% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 30% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions show below-average success regarding this examiner's actions. Ensure you have a strong procedural basis before filing.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 3.7% of allowed cases (in the 85% percentile). Per MPEP § 1302.04, examiner's amendments are used to place applications in condition for allowance when only minor changes are needed. This examiner frequently uses this tool compared to other examiners, indicating a cooperative approach to getting applications allowed. Strategic Insight: If you are close to allowance but minor claim amendments are needed, this examiner may be willing to make an examiner's amendment rather than requiring another round of prosecution.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 44% percentile). This examiner issues Quayle actions less often than average. Allowances may come directly without a separate action for formal matters.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.