Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19194287 | FUEL CELL TURBOELECTRIC FAN FOR AN AIRCRAFT | April 2025 | July 2025 | Allow | 3 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18972575 | COMPACT INFRARED SUPPRESSORS WITH RING VANES FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINES | December 2024 | August 2025 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18787458 | AIRCRAFT AIR INTAKE COMPRISING AN OUTER WALL AND FRONT AND REAR FRAMES LINKED BY AT LEAST ONE JOINING ELEMENT DISTINCT FROM THE OUTER WALL | July 2024 | May 2025 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18778405 | FUEL CELL TURBOELECTRIC FAN FOR AN AIRCRAFT | July 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18630419 | POWER GENERATION SYSTEM COMPRISING A FUEL CELL | April 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18438887 | PROPULSION ASSEMBLY FOR AN AIRCRAFT | February 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 13 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18432392 | COMBUSTOR ASSEMBLY FOR A TURBINE ENGINE | February 2024 | December 2024 | Allow | 10 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18431082 | OPEN ROTOR AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM WITH BYPASS FLOWPATH | February 2024 | April 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18400280 | REGULATING CORE AIR BLED FROM A TURBINE ENGINE CORE FLOWPATH | December 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18400483 | AIRCRAFT ENGINE ENTRAINED PARTICLE SEPARATION SYSTEM AND METHOD | December 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18394813 | FLUID INJECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MITIGATING ROTATING STALL IN TURBINE ENGINE | December 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18545289 | METHOD FOR OPERATING A TURBOMACHINE FOR A FLIGHT PROPULSION DRIVE | December 2023 | May 2025 | Abandon | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18529072 | CONDITIONING FUEL SYSTEM FOR AN AUXILIARY POWER UNIT OF AN AIRCRAFT | December 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18519583 | FUEL-COOLED ENGINE COMPONENT(S) | November 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 12 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18514608 | HIGH EFFICIENCY POWER PRODUCTION METHODS, ASSEMBLIES, AND SYSTEMS | November 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18513073 | THERMAL SOAK-BACK MITIGATION | November 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18512999 | THERMAL SOAK-BACK MITIGATION | November 2023 | March 2025 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18496079 | SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR BEARING COMPARTMENT | October 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18378320 | EJECTOR NOZZLE AND EJECTOR INCLUDING SAME | October 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18371876 | HYDROGEN LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM FOR AN AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM | September 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18371810 | COMPACT INFRARED SUPPRESSORS WITH RING VANES FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINES | September 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18472659 | DIRECT HORSEPOWER AND TORQUE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINE | September 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 19 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18371812 | VORTEX TUBE PARTICLE SEPARATORS WITH COATINGS FOR REBOUND CONTROL | September 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18551526 | ACTUATING SYSTEM FOR A CASCADE THRUST REVERSER | September 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18466922 | AIRCRAFT ENGINE | September 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 16 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18367657 | AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM WITH INTERMITTENT COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME | September 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18463800 | METHOD OF OPERATING A TURBINE ENGINE HAVING A BLEED SYSTEM | September 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18463782 | TURBINE ENGINE INCLUDING A STEAM SYSTEM | September 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 18 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18459668 | SHIFTED BLEED VALVE MODULATION DETECTION | September 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18458696 | CENTRIFUGAL WATER MOLECULAR SEPARATION | August 2023 | March 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18239320 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE BYPASS LOUVER AND BAFFLE RIB DESIGN | August 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 18 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18238669 | HEAT EXCHANGER BYPASS EJECTOR | August 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18452912 | BATHTUB SEAL INTEGRATED INTO CMC VANE LOAD PATH | August 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18452205 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE INCLUDING A COMPRESSOR BLEED AIR SYSTEM | August 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18233510 | A THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AN AIRCRAFT | August 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 17 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18233120 | AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT WITH ELECTRIC POWERTRAIN | August 2023 | March 2025 | Allow | 19 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18231384 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OPERATION OF A FLEXIBLE FUEL COMBUSTOR | August 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 16 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18231578 | SEGMENTED NACELLE INLET LIP WITH ELECTRIC ANTI-ICING SYSTEM | August 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 18 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18366256 | TURBINE ENGINE INCLUDING A STEAM SYSTEM | August 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18228194 | TURBINE SYSTEM TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE GAS, OVEN SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE GAS | July 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18228480 | ELECTROLYZER HEATING SYSTEM FOR INTEGRATED POWER PLANTS | July 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18358524 | GEARED GAS TURBINE ENGINE WITH OIL DEAERATOR AND AIR REMOVAL | July 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18357349 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE | July 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 12 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 18223141 | DISPATCH ADVISOR FOR OPERATING POWER PLANT WITH FLEXIBILITY | July 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18211809 | AIRCRAFT FUEL CONTROL TO SUBSETS OF FUEL SPRAY NOZZLES | June 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 14 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18211622 | AIRCRAFT FUELLING | June 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 11 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18336177 | Hybrid Electric Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engine | June 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18211075 | AIRCRAFT AIR SYSTEM WITH DEDICATED COMPRESSOR(S) | June 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 24 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18208077 | FUEL DELIVERY | June 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18329091 | POWER ELECTRONICS WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN RECUPERATION CYCLE | June 2023 | May 2025 | Abandon | 23 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 18196740 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A PROPULSOR FOR A HYBRID-ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM | May 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18189670 | COMBUSTION ENGINE INCLUDING TURBOMACHINE | March 2023 | March 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18125477 | FUEL DELIVERY | March 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18182899 | PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR AN AIRCRAFT AND METHOD FOR PROTECTING THE PROPULSION SYSTEM | March 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18110664 | AIRCRAFT HAVING A SINGLE FLUID INLET APERTURE | February 2023 | September 2023 | Allow | 7 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18109448 | RECUPERATED ENGINE WITH SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BOTTOMING CYCLE | February 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18168086 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT WITH INTEGRATED SENSOR BRACKET | February 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18108532 | Engine with Intercooler | February 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18107758 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR STARTING A GAS TURBINE ENGINE | February 2023 | September 2023 | Allow | 7 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18152920 | GROUND-BASED AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT | January 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18146001 | COOLING ARCHITECTURE USING CRYOGENIC FUELS | December 2022 | March 2025 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18079072 | ELECTRIC PROPULSOR WITH ELECTRIC MACHINE IN THERMAL COMMUNICATION WITH A HEAT EXCHANGER | December 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 23 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17987303 | CONFORMAL ACCESSORY GEARBOX FOR LOW BYPASS GAS TURBINE ENGINE | November 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 20 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18048846 | COMBINED POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND DRIVING METHOD THEREOF | October 2022 | August 2024 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17967118 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK | October 2022 | January 2024 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17941536 | WINDINGS FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES | September 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17940030 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE WITH ELECTRIC MACHINES | September 2022 | March 2024 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17940419 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE WITH ELECTRIC MACHINES | September 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17909489 | SYSTEM HAVING A COMBUSTION POWER PLANT AND AN ELECTROLYSIS UNIT, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A SYSTEM OF THIS TYPE | September 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17898501 | AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM | August 2022 | April 2024 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17896901 | HIGH EFFICIENCY POWER PRODUCTION METHODS, ASSEMBLIES, AND SYSTEMS | August 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17891872 | ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM HEATER CONTROL METHODS | August 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 29 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17891226 | DEVICE FOR COOLING AN AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM, COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE PAIR OF INTAKE AND EXHAUST FLAPS AND AN ACTUATOR CONTROLLING SAID FLAPS | August 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17889833 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMBUSTION OF NON-GASEOUS FUELS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF | August 2022 | July 2024 | Abandon | 23 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17887872 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE NOISE REDUCTION | August 2022 | December 2024 | Allow | 28 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17882114 | PLATFORM SERPENTINE RE-SUPPLY | August 2022 | June 2023 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17817389 | PULSE DURATION MEASURING APPARATUS | August 2022 | July 2025 | Allow | 36 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17880832 | Core Air Leakage Redirection Structures for Aircraft Engines | August 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 23 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17797464 | BOOSTING CCHP GAS TURBINE SYSTEM | August 2022 | May 2023 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17880221 | CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR ASSEMBLY FOR A GAS TURBINE ENGINE WITH DESWIRLER HAVING SEALING FEATURES | August 2022 | July 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17813745 | TANGENTIAL ON-BOARD INJECTOR (TOBI) ASSEMBLY | July 2022 | June 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17793393 | SYSTEM HAVING THERMAL ACCUMULATOR, METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MODIFYING SAME | July 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17860445 | CONTRAIL SUPPRESSION SYSTEM | July 2022 | June 2023 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17860895 | ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM HEATER CONTROL ARCHITECTURE | July 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 30 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17858289 | GAS TURBINE INTAKE FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINE AND METHOD OF INSPECTION THEREOF | July 2022 | July 2023 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17858636 | ROCKET ENGINE SECTION HAVING A POROUS INNER WALL PORTION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A ROCKET ENGINE SECTION | July 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17856401 | COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS WITH EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION | July 2022 | June 2024 | Allow | 23 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17853185 | AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINE | June 2022 | February 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17853191 | FUEL DELIVERY | June 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 9 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17789800 | METHOD AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR MONITORING A BLEED AIR SUPPLY SYSTEM OF AN AIRCRAFT | June 2022 | March 2025 | Allow | 32 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17849915 | AIR SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR A PNEUMATIC DE-ICING ASSEMBLY OF AN AIRCRAFT, AND AIRCRAFT COMPRISING SUCH AN AIR SUPPLY SYSTEM | June 2022 | August 2025 | Abandon | 37 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17849668 | AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT WITH BOOSTED GAS TURBINE ENGINE | June 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 34 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17845576 | AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM WITH INTERMITTENT COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME | June 2022 | June 2023 | Allow | 11 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17782648 | BOILER FLUSHING | June 2022 | February 2024 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17744379 | CONDENSER FOR HYDROGEN STEAM INJECTED TURBINE ENGINE | May 2022 | October 2023 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17701818 | ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEM OF AN AIRCRAFT | March 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17655100 | ICE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR AIRCRAFT | March 2022 | January 2024 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17688465 | GAS TURBINE ENGINE WITH RADIAL TURBINE HAVING MODULATED FUEL COOLED COOLING AIR | March 2022 | December 2022 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17676488 | MODULAR FUEL CELL ASSEMBLY | February 2022 | December 2023 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17651737 | ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN AIRCRAFT ENGINE | February 2022 | March 2025 | Abandon | 37 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner NGUYEN, THUYHANG NGOC.
With a 25.0% reversal rate, the PTAB affirms the examiner's rejections in the vast majority of cases. This reversal rate is below the USPTO average, indicating that appeals face more challenges here than typical.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 28.6% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is below the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal has limited effectiveness in prompting favorable reconsideration.
⚠ Appeals to PTAB face challenges. Ensure your case has strong merit before committing to full Board review.
⚠ Filing a Notice of Appeal shows limited benefit. Consider other strategies like interviews or amendments before appealing.
Examiner NGUYEN, THUYHANG NGOC works in Art Unit 3741 and has examined 285 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 78.9%, this examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 33 months.
Examiner NGUYEN, THUYHANG NGOC's allowance rate of 78.9% places them in the 48% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications.
On average, applications examined by NGUYEN, THUYHANG NGOC receive 2.03 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 52% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues a slightly above-average number of office actions.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by NGUYEN, THUYHANG NGOC is 33 months. This places the examiner in the 49% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly slower than average with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +38.9% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by NGUYEN, THUYHANG NGOC. This interview benefit is in the 86% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews are highly effective with this examiner and should be strongly considered as a prosecution strategy. Per MPEP § 713.10, interviews are available at any time before the Notice of Allowance is mailed or jurisdiction transfers to the PTAB.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 27.4% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 47% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show below-average effectiveness with this examiner. Carefully evaluate whether an RCE or continuation is the better strategy.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 26.2% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 36% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows below-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. You may need to file an RCE or appeal rather than relying on after-final amendment entry.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 133.3% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 87% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: Pre-appeal conferences are highly effective with this examiner compared to others. Before filing a full appeal brief, strongly consider requesting a PAC. The PAC provides an opportunity for the examiner and supervisory personnel to reconsider the rejection before the case proceeds to the PTAB.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 52.9% of appeals filed. This is in the 24% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 33.3% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner rarely withdraws rejections during the appeal process compared to other examiners. If you file an appeal, be prepared to fully prosecute it to a PTAB decision. Per MPEP § 1207, the examiner will prepare an Examiner's Answer maintaining the rejections.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 66.7% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 74% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions show above-average success regarding this examiner's actions. Petitionable matters include restriction requirements (MPEP § 1002.02(c)(2)) and various procedural issues.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 43% percentile). This examiner makes examiner's amendments less often than average. You may need to make most claim amendments yourself.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 47% percentile). This examiner issues Quayle actions less often than average. Allowances may come directly without a separate action for formal matters.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.