Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19043386 | ADAPTIVE AUDIO AND AUDIOVISUAL RECURSIVE SELF-FEEDBACK FOR SPEECH THERAPY | January 2025 | October 2025 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 19007208 | PATIENT ELECTRONIC THERMODYNAMIC SIMULATOR | December 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 6 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18877926 | METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING HUMAN COGNITION | December 2024 | December 2025 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18956624 | WELDING SYSTEMS WITH AUTOMATIC WELDING INSTRUCTION GENERATION | November 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18955604 | USE OF ROBOTIC SURGICAL DATA FOR TRAINING | November 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18901756 | Surgical Simulator Systems and Methods | September 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18899535 | INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, RECORDING MEDIUM, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM | September 2024 | March 2026 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18790184 | AI-ASSISTED CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT WITH REAL-TIME OBSERVATIONS, MONITORING AND INTERVENTION | July 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18784066 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GUIDED INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING SYSTEMS | July 2024 | April 2025 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18771098 | SYSTEMS FOR SIMULATING JOINING OPERATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES | July 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18768568 | WEARABLE TERMINAL, PRESENTATION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM | July 2024 | January 2026 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18764602 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BRIDGING COMMERCIAL AND HOME GYMS | July 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 12 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18752135 | STICK WELDING ELECTRODE HOLDER SYSTEMS AND METHODS | June 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18625600 | SYSTEMS FOR SIMULATING JOINING OPERATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES | April 2024 | April 2025 | Allow | 12 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18690155 | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR ASSISTED EXECUTION OF AN ACTIVITY | March 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 19 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18411678 | Method and System for Automated Personal Training | January 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18402343 | FITNESS CHALLENGE E-AWARDS | January 2024 | August 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18402299 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO PROVIDE VISUAL INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH WELDING OPERATIONS | January 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18510910 | TRAINING SYSTEM FOR HYGIENE EQUIPMENT | November 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 23 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18503674 | TRAINING USERS USING INDEXED TO MOTION PICTURES | November 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18378246 | WELD MODULES FOR WELD TRAINING SYSTEMS | October 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18453050 | INTERACTIVE LADDER | August 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18232643 | AUDIO CUES FOR DRIVER TRAINING | August 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 30 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18365686 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DATA ANALYSIS | August 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18223130 | ARTICULATION SYSTEM FOR A FLASH FIRE MANIKIN | July 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18341602 | SYSTEM FOR COSMETIC AND THERAPEUTIC TRAINING | June 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18207942 | WELD TRAINING SIMULATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES, MODULAR WORKPIECES, AND SIMULATED WELDING EQUIPMENT | June 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18328832 | IMPORTING AND ANALYZING EXTERNAL DATA USING A VIRTUAL REALITY WELDING SYSTEM | June 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18199545 | WELD TRAINING SYSTEMS WITH RESETTABLE TARGET TOOL IMAGES | May 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18198015 | COLLABORATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM | May 2023 | September 2025 | Abandon | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18137848 | UNDERGROUND DAMAGE PREVENTION METHOD AND APPARATUS | April 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18136086 | TRAINING USERS TO PRODUCE INNER SPEECH | April 2023 | March 2025 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18298285 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)-BASED PERSONALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN ONLINE EDUCATION PLATFORMS | April 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18130895 | Surgical Simulator Systems and Methods | April 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 16 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18130258 | CADENCE SPECTRA FOR HEALTH AND FITNESS PROMOTION | April 2023 | December 2023 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18183630 | Weld Training Systems to Synchronize Weld Data for Presentation | March 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18180244 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ADAPTIVE APPAREL DESIGN AND APPAREL INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE | March 2023 | January 2026 | Allow | 34 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18169886 | TEACHING FEEDBACK SYSTEM AND TEACHING FEEDBACK METHOD | February 2023 | September 2025 | Abandon | 31 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18170184 | ADVANCED DEVICE FOR WELDING TRAINING, BASED ON AUGMENTED REALITY SIMULATION, WHICH CAN BE UPDATED REMOTELY | February 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 29 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18168462 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING TRAINING FOR TREATING EMERGENCY PATIENTS | February 2023 | December 2023 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18107820 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GUIDED INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING SYSTEMS | February 2023 | October 2024 | Abandon | 20 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18165529 | MULTIPURPOSE ROBOTIC GLOVE DESIGNED TO TEACH SIGN LANGUAGE THROUGH GUIDED MANUAL MOTIONS | February 2023 | October 2023 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18164412 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING AND DELIVERING AUTOMATED ORAL SUMMARY OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES | February 2023 | January 2026 | Allow | 36 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18099002 | STICK WELDING ELECTRODE HOLDER SYSTEMS AND METHODS | January 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18097474 | EXPERT NAVIGATION DEVICE BASED ON ACTUAL WELDING DATA | January 2023 | August 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18152703 | DISPLAY CONTROL DEVICE, DISPLAY SYSTEM, WELDING SYSTEM, WELDING METHOD, DISPLAY CONTROL METHOD, STORAGE MEDIUM | January 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 16 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18014699 | WELDING TRAINING SYSTEM, WELDING TRAINING METHOD, AND PROGRAM | January 2023 | February 2026 | Abandon | 38 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18092664 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO PROVIDE VISUAL INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH WELDING OPERATIONS | January 2023 | August 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18090990 | Systems and Method to Simulate Joining Operation on Customized Workpieces | December 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18003529 | DYNAMIC PARAMETER CALCULATION METHOD BASED ON CTC SIMULATION TRAINING PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS THEREOF | December 2022 | December 2025 | Abandon | 35 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18060927 | VIRTUAL INTEGRATED MACHINING SIMULATOR | December 2022 | July 2025 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18071051 | SYSTEMS FOR SIMULATING JOINING OPERATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES | November 2022 | December 2023 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17991890 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS | November 2022 | November 2023 | Allow | 11 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17987236 | Ski Sense | November 2022 | May 2023 | Allow | 6 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17983918 | Computer Software Suite for Logic-Based Interface Augmentation | November 2022 | February 2026 | Abandon | 39 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17980678 | IMPORTING AND ANALYZING EXTERNAL DATA USING A VIRTUAL REALITY WELDING SYSTEM | November 2022 | March 2023 | Allow | 4 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17974837 | FLAVOUR SYSTEM | October 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 9 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17962180 | FITNESS CHALLENGE E-AWARDS | October 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17936525 | TEACHING AID | September 2022 | December 2025 | Allow | 39 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17893787 | WELDING TRAINING SYSTEM | August 2022 | May 2023 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17889317 | READING AID SYSTEM AND METHOD | August 2022 | March 2025 | Abandon | 31 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17887589 | Therapeutic Simulator System for Stress Disorders | August 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 5 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17887673 | Simulation Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder | August 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 5 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17887048 | SENSORY DETERMINATIVE ADAPTIVE AUDIO RENDERING | August 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 5 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17879807 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ADAPTIVE GOAL-ORIENTED LEARNING PATHS | August 2022 | December 2023 | Abandon | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17879229 | SYSTEMS FOR SIMULATING JOINING OPERATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES | August 2022 | February 2024 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17875604 | INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL LEARNING SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USING SAME | July 2022 | February 2024 | Abandon | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17871894 | MULTI DEVICE ARTWORK SCALING SYSTEM | July 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 35 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17864429 | AIRWAY MANAGEMENT VIRTUAL REALITY TRAINING | July 2022 | February 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17859604 | Lesson-Based Virtual Reality Welding Training System | July 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17843932 | SYSTEM FOR COSMETIC AND THERAPEUTIC TRAINING | June 2022 | June 2023 | Allow | 12 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17842275 | Multi-Mode Acceleration-Based Athleticism Measurement System | June 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17837337 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING ANIMAL HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND/OR WELLNESS RECOMMENDATIONS | June 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17782554 | LEARNING SUPPORT APPARATUS, LEARNING SUPPORT METHOD, AND PROGRAM | June 2022 | January 2024 | Allow | 19 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17781858 | METHODS FOR MULTI-MODAL BIOIMAGING DATA INTEGRATION AND VISUALIZATION | June 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17829631 | INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, AND NON-TRANSITORY RECORDING MEDIUM | June 2022 | August 2025 | Allow | 39 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17826407 | LEARNING SYSTEM AND LEARNING METHOD | May 2022 | April 2024 | Abandon | 23 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17747108 | Systems and methods for facilitating learning through interaction with objects in an environment | May 2022 | December 2024 | Allow | 31 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17747912 | COMPUTING SYSTEM PREDICTING HEALTH USING CORRELATED HEALTH ASSERTION LIBRARY | May 2022 | April 2023 | Abandon | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17747896 | HAND REHABILITATION SYSTEM USING INTERACTIVE AUGMENTED REALITY | May 2022 | October 2025 | Allow | 41 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17746665 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DATA ANALYSIS | May 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17745272 | COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING VIRTUAL REALITY EXPERIMENTS | May 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 35 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17739712 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECOGNITION OF PATIENT ACTIVITIES WHEN OBTAINING PROTOCOL ADHERENCE DATA | May 2022 | February 2023 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17733526 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING TRAINING FOR TREATING EMERGENCY PATIENTS | April 2022 | November 2022 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17726905 | AUGMENTED AND MEDIATED REALITY WELDING HELMET SYSTEMS | April 2022 | June 2023 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17693615 | WELD TRAINING SIMULATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES, MODULAR WORKPIECES, AND SIMULATED WELDING EQUIPMENT | March 2022 | February 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17694347 | Intelligent Cooking Process Flow | March 2022 | September 2022 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17653905 | DYNAMIC CUE GENERATION FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING | March 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 32 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17638661 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ASSISTING IN THE ADJUSTMENT OF A MECHANICAL TIMEPIECE | February 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 31 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17678905 | METHOD FOR ASSISTING DRIVING TRAINING, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND STORAGE MEDIUM | February 2022 | July 2023 | Abandon | 17 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17677271 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO PROVIDE WELD TRAINING | February 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17670668 | ADAPTIVE SIMULATION RENDERING ON SENSORY LOAD | February 2022 | May 2022 | Allow | 3 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17666228 | PERSONALIZED LEARNING VIA TASK LOAD OPTIMIZATION | February 2022 | October 2022 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17665356 | Guided Operation of a Language-Learning Device Based on Learned User Memory Characteristics | February 2022 | November 2022 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17519476 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)-BASED PERSONALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN ONLINE EDUCATION PLATFORMS | November 2021 | November 2022 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17606628 | VERB LEARNING METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE | October 2021 | May 2025 | Abandon | 43 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17451072 | SUBJECT COMPREHENSION EVALUATION IN AN ONLINE HANDS-ON LEARNING PLATFORM | October 2021 | November 2024 | Allow | 37 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17450984 | Systems and Methods for Detecting Collusion in Student Testing Using Graded Scores or Answers for Individual Questions | October 2021 | October 2023 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17492873 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FACILITATING CREATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL TEST BASED ON PRIOR PERFORMANCE WITH INDIVIDUAL TEST QUESTIONS | October 2021 | March 2023 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17441534 | AUGMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS | September 2021 | April 2025 | Allow | 43 | 5 | 0 | No | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner UTAMA, ROBERT J.
With a 24.5% reversal rate, the PTAB affirms the examiner's rejections in the vast majority of cases. This reversal rate is below the USPTO average, indicating that appeals face more challenges here than typical.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 23.2% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is below the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal has limited effectiveness in prompting favorable reconsideration.
⚠ Appeals to PTAB face challenges. Ensure your case has strong merit before committing to full Board review.
⚠ Filing a Notice of Appeal shows limited benefit. Consider other strategies like interviews or amendments before appealing.
Examiner UTAMA, ROBERT J works in Art Unit 3715 and has examined 749 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 59.1%, this examiner allows applications at a lower rate than most examiners at the USPTO. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 41 months.
Examiner UTAMA, ROBERT J's allowance rate of 59.1% places them in the 19% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner is less likely to allow applications than most examiners at the USPTO.
On average, applications examined by UTAMA, ROBERT J receive 2.66 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 78% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues more office actions than most examiners, which may indicate thorough examination or difficulty in reaching agreement with applicants.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by UTAMA, ROBERT J is 41 months. This places the examiner in the 22% percentile for prosecution speed. Applications take longer to reach final disposition with this examiner compared to most others.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +31.6% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by UTAMA, ROBERT J. This interview benefit is in the 79% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews are highly effective with this examiner and should be strongly considered as a prosecution strategy. Per MPEP § 713.10, interviews are available at any time before the Notice of Allowance is mailed or jurisdiction transfers to the PTAB.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 19.5% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 20% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show lower effectiveness with this examiner compared to others. Consider whether a continuation application might be more strategic, especially if you need to add new matter or significantly broaden claims.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 27.5% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 39% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows below-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. You may need to file an RCE or appeal rather than relying on after-final amendment entry.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 73.7% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 60% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: Pre-appeal conferences show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. If you have strong arguments, a PAC request may result in favorable reconsideration.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 57.4% of appeals filed. This is in the 31% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 34.8% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner shows below-average willingness to reconsider rejections during appeals. Be prepared to fully prosecute appeals if filed.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 46.9% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 41% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions show below-average success regarding this examiner's actions. Ensure you have a strong procedural basis before filing.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 2.1% of allowed cases (in the 75% percentile). Per MPEP § 1302.04, examiner's amendments are used to place applications in condition for allowance when only minor changes are needed. This examiner frequently uses this tool compared to other examiners, indicating a cooperative approach to getting applications allowed. Strategic Insight: If you are close to allowance but minor claim amendments are needed, this examiner may be willing to make an examiner's amendment rather than requiring another round of prosecution.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 2.7% of allowed cases (in the 72% percentile). This examiner issues Quayle actions more often than average when claims are allowable but formal matters remain (MPEP § 714.14).
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.