USPTO Examiner JEANGLAUDE JEAN BRUNER - Art Unit 2845

Recent Applications

Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.

Application NumberTitleFiling DateDisposal DateDispositionTime (months)Office ActionsRestrictionsInterviewAppeal
19292142ARITHMETIC ENCODER FOR ARITHMETICALLY ENCODING AND ARITHMETIC DECODER FOR ARITHMETICALLY DECODING A SEQUENCE OF INFORMATION VALUES, METHODS FOR ARITHMETICALLY ENCODING AND DECODING A SEQUENCE OF INFORMATION VALUES AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTING THESE METHODSAugust 2025February 2026Allow610NoNo
19245413System and Method for Federated Two-Stage Compression Within a Persistent Cognitive MachineJune 2025September 2025Allow210NoNo
19242953Hierarchical Smart Caching for Machine Learning Codeword ResponsesJune 2025August 2025Allow200NoNo
19070411SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPRESSING REGULAR DATA STREAMS USING INSTRUCTION CACHE-RESIDENT PERFECT HASH FUNCTIONSMarch 2025May 2025Allow200NoNo
19048882SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EDGE BASED MULTI-MODAL HOMOMORPHIC COMPRESSIONFebruary 2025May 2025Allow310NoNo
19048904DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE NEURAL NETWORK-BASED DATA COMPRESSIONFebruary 2025April 2025Allow200NoNo
19048846SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE QUALITY DRIVEN COMPRESSION OF GENOMIC DATA USING NEURAL NETWORKSFebruary 2025June 2025Allow410NoNo
19044355SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE PROTOCOL CACHING IN EVENT-DRIVEN DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORKSFebruary 2025May 2025Allow310NoNo
19026345FEDERATED LATENT TRANSFORMER DEEP LEARNING COREJanuary 2025July 2025Allow620NoNo
19026329FEDERATED LATENT TRANSFORMER DEEP LEARNING COREJanuary 2025November 2025Allow1020NoNo
19017639FEDERATED LARGE CODEWORD MODEL DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTUREJanuary 2025August 2025Allow720NoNo
19007525SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR UPSAMPLING OF DECOMPRESSED GENOMIC DATA AFTER LOSSY COMPRESSION USING A NEURAL NETWORKJanuary 2025June 2025Allow500NoNo
18972797SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPRESSING AND RESTORING DATA USING HIERARCHICAL AUTOENCODERS AND CORRELATION NETWORKSDecember 2024March 2025Allow310NoNo
18961011Compressing Entropy Tables With Interpolative CodingNovember 2024February 2025Allow300NoNo
18939560INTEGRATED PROTOCOL ADAPTATION SYSTEM FOR UNIVERSAL CODEWORD APPLICATIONSNovember 2024March 2025Allow410NoNo
18919394FEDERATED LARGE CODEWORD MODEL DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURE WITH HOMOMORPHIC COMPRESSION AND ENCRYPTIONOctober 2024December 2024Allow200NoNo
18909976DEEP LEARNING USING LARGE CODEWORD MODEL WITH HOMOMORPHICALLY COMPRESSED DATAOctober 2024January 2025Allow300NoNo
18907442SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR NEURAL NETWORK BASED DATA COMPRESSIONOctober 2024December 2024Allow210NoNo
18898608SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FEDERATED TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION WITH FEDERATED JOINT LEARNINGSeptember 2024March 2025Allow610NoNo
18896535OPTICALLY BASED ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERTERSeptember 2024February 2026Allow1620NoNo
18895409Adaptive Neural Upsampling System for Decoding Lossy Compressed Data StreamsSeptember 2024December 2024Allow300NoNo
18890774SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MULTI-MODAL HOMOMORPHIC COMPRESSIONSeptember 2024December 2024Allow210NoNo
18890748SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FEDERATED TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION WITH FEDERATED JOINT LEARNINGSeptember 2024April 2025Allow610NoNo
18887504MULTIMODAL FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY DEEP LEARNING CORE WITH JOINT OPTIMIZATION OF VECTOR-QUANTIZED VARIATIONAL AUTOENCODER AND NEURAL UPSAMPLERSeptember 2024April 2025Allow610NoNo
18827741EVENT-DRIVEN DATA TRANSMISSION USING CODEBOOKS WITH PROTOCOL PREDICTION AND TRANSLATIONSeptember 2024November 2024Allow200NoNo
18822532LINEARIZED OPTICAL DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG MODULATORSeptember 2024April 2025Allow710NoNo
18822203UPSAMPLING OF COMPRESSED FINANCIAL TIME-SERIES DATA USING A JOINTLY TRAINED VECTOR QUANTIZED VARIATIONAL AUTOENCODER NEURAL NETWORKSeptember 2024December 2024Allow310NoNo
18818593UNIFIED PLATFORM FOR MULTI-TYPE DATA COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION USING HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION AND NEURAL UPSAMPLINGAugust 2024March 2025Allow610NoNo
18797124ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER METASTABILITY ADJUSTMENTAugust 2024February 2026Allow1900NoNo
18791425CONTROLLABLE LOSSY COMPRESSION SYSTEM USING JOINT LEARNINGAugust 2024October 2024Allow300NoNo
18769416SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR UPSAMPLING OF DECOMPRESSED GENOMIC DATA AFTER LOSSY COMPRESSION USING A NEURAL NETWORKJuly 2024October 2024Allow310NoNo
18755653System and Method for Homomorphic Compression Using Latent Space Preprocessing and Neural UpsamplingJune 2024October 2024Allow410NoNo
18741910TIME SIGNAL PROCESSOR BASED ON MULTIPLYING PHASE INTERPOLATION CIRCUITJune 2024October 2024Allow400NoNo
18736275SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR UPSAMPLING OF DECOMPRESSED CORRELATED MULTICHANNEL DATA USING A NEURAL NETWORKJune 2024February 2026Allow2110NoNo
18673343DIFFERENTIAL SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION REGISTER ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER WITH DYNAMIC INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE CONTROL AND ASSOCIATED METHODMay 2024November 2025Allow1800NoNo
18661769Compensation circuit and compensation method for successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC)May 2024November 2025Allow1800NoNo
18709456METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING TRANSMISSION OF SERIALIZED DATA USING DYNAMIC, ADAPTIVE SLICING AND REDUCTION OF SERIALIZED DATAMay 2024November 2025Allow1800NoNo
18659548OVERCURRENT DETECTION WITH MULTI-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERSMay 2024February 2026Allow2200NoNo
18657683SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HOMOMORPHIC COMPRESSIONMay 2024August 2024Allow310NoNo
18657719SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MULTI-TYPE DATA COMPRESSION OR DECOMPRESSION WITH A VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT LAYERMay 2024July 2024Allow300NoNo
18653522EXTRACTING DATA FROM A COMPRESSED AND ENCRYPTED DATA STREAMMay 2024December 2025Allow2010NoNo
18648340SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPRESSING AND RESTORING DATA USING MULTI - LEVEL AUTOENCODERS AND CORRELATION NETWORKSApril 2024August 2024Allow310NoNo
18644019EVENT-DRIVEN DATA TRANSMISSION USING CODEBOOKS WITH PROTOCOL ADAPTIONApril 2024June 2024Allow200NoNo
18637821SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR WITH RESIDUE CONVERTER FOR LOW-OFFSET MEASUREMENT SYSTEMApril 2024February 2026Allow2210NoNo
18630959CONTINUOUS-TIME DELTA-SIGMA ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER WITH DUTY-CYCLE-CONTROLLED INPUT PATHApril 2024February 2026Allow2310NoNo
18623018SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LEARNING - BASED LOSSLESS DATA COMPRESSIONMarch 2024June 2024Allow200NoNo
18619018DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTERMarch 2024February 2026Allow2310NoNo
18618082INITIATOR IDENTIFIER COMPRESSIONMarch 2024January 2026Allow2110YesNo
18618306DATA ENCODING METHOD, DATA DECODING METHOD, AND DATA PROCESSING APPARATUSMarch 2024August 2025Allow1700NoNo
18618630CAPACITIVE DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTERS WITH SHAPED OUTPUT CURRENTMarch 2024February 2026Allow2310NoNo
18614147SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA COMPRESSION WITH HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTIONMarch 2024October 2025Allow1910NoNo
18612917POPULATION BASED TRAINING OF NEURAL NETWORKSMarch 2024January 2025Allow1010NoNo
18597217VOLTAGE-TO-TIME CONVERTERS AND METHODS OF OPERATING SAMEMarch 2024February 2026Allow2410NoNo
18594783SYSTEM-LEVEL DATA COMPRESSION SCHEMEMarch 2024January 2026Allow2210NoNo
18591217Intermediate Frequency Digital-to-Analog Conversion (IFDAC) SystemFebruary 2024December 2025Allow2110NoNo
18440948SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COMPRESSION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEFebruary 2024March 2026Allow2520YesNo
18427716UPSAMPLING OF DECOMPRESSED FINANCIAL TIME - SERIES DATA USING A NEURAL NETWORKJanuary 2024May 2024Allow310NoNo
18423287DATA COMPRESSION WITH PROTOCOL ADAPTATIONJanuary 2024September 2024Allow800NoNo
18420771SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR UPSAMPLING OF DECOMPRESSED GENOMIC DATA AFTER LOSSY COMPRESSION USING A NEURAL NETWORKJanuary 2024May 2024Allow410NoNo
18420033SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRECHARGING DRIVER CIRCUITRY FOR AN ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERJanuary 2024July 2025Allow1800NoNo
18580918A CIRCUIT AND A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AN ANALOG SIGNALJanuary 2024March 2026Allow2510NoNo
18415655DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER, DATA DRIVER, AND DISPLAY DEVICEJanuary 2024December 2025Allow2310NoNo
18413042SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTING DATA FROM A COMPRESSED AND ENCRYPTED DATA STREAMJanuary 2024March 2024Allow200NoNo
18410980SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR UPSAMPLING OF DECOMPRESSED TIME-SERIES DATA USING A NEURAL NETWORKJanuary 2024April 2024Allow300NoNo
18402964SIGMA-DELTA ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER AND METHOD FOR CONVERTING AN ANALOG INPUT SIGNAL TO A DIGITAL OUTPUT SIGNAL AT A SAMPLING FREQUENCYJanuary 2024December 2025Allow2310YesNo
18399455DATA COMPRESSION METHOD AND APPARATUS, AND DATA DECOMPRESSION METHOD AND APPARATUSDecember 2023February 2026Allow2610NoNo
18392309DATA COMPRESSION DEVICE, DATA COMPRESSION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUMDecember 2023August 2025Allow2000NoNo
18544916INTERPOLATION BETWEEN LOG AND ONE-HOT ENCODINGSDecember 2023March 2026Allow2710NoNo
18541025A COMPRESSION METHOD FOR QUBOS AND ISING MODELSDecember 2023February 2026Allow2610NoNo
18536057CONVERSION DEVICE, MEMORY SYSTEM, DECOMPRESSION DEVICE, AND METHODDecember 2023September 2025Allow2100NoNo
18528023ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAYER-BASED PROCESS EXTRACTION FOR ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATIONDecember 2023August 2024Allow910NoNo
18521725METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR REDUCING DC BIASNovember 2023November 2025Allow2410NoNo
18522178SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA COMPRESSION WITH HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTIONNovember 2023February 2024Allow300NoNo
18521839TEMPORAL RESOLUTION AND FIDELITY ENHANCEMENT OF ARBITRARY WAVEFORMSNovember 2023November 2024Allow1220NoNo
18518517Multi-shot Time-to-Digital Converter and time-measurement deviceNovember 2023July 2025Allow2000NoNo
18387242TIME-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER USING VOLTAGE AS A REPRESENTATION OF TIME OFFSETNovember 2023December 2024Allow1410NoNo
18501987SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA COMPRESSION WITH PROTOCOL ADAPTATIONNovember 2023December 2023Allow100NoNo
18386710CONVERTING A DIGITAL SIGNAL FROM A FIRST SAMPLING RATE TO A SECOND SAMPLING RATENovember 2023July 2025Allow2000NoNo
18500419Lossless Binary Data CompressionNovember 2023December 2025Allow2510YesNo
18497605SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING ADAPTIVE VOLTAGE SCALING (AVS) FOR ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS (ADCS)October 2023October 2025Allow2410YesNo
18496436ADC ARCHITECTURE INCORPORATING CONTINUOUS-TIME QUANTIZEROctober 2023March 2026Allow2810NoNo
18494541HIGH FREQUENCY, LOW POWER, N-PATH SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOROctober 2023November 2025Allow2510NoNo
18383847METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL SAMPLING USING SPATIAL DISPERSIONOctober 2023October 2025Allow2410YesNo
18381793Device and method for ratiometric measurement of voltages for an analog-digital-converterOctober 2023March 2026Allow2920YesNo
18488275TEXT COMPRESSION WITH PREDICTED CONTINUATIONSOctober 2023December 2024Allow1410NoNo
18481416DECODING APPARATUS, DECODING METHOD, AND PROGRAMOctober 2023September 2024Allow1110NoNo
18471437SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION DEVICE SKIPPING COMPARISON RESULTS AND ITS OPERATING METHODSeptember 2023October 2025Allow2510NoNo
18472069APPARATUS, SENSOR AND ELECTRONIC DEVICESeptember 2023October 2025Allow2510YesNo
18471178DATA COMPRESSION VIA BINARY SUBSTITUTIONSeptember 2023August 2024Allow1110NoNo
18370052CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT COMPRISING A MOS SENSOR, IN PARTICULAR TMOS SENSOR, AND A CORRESPONDING METHOD FOR OPERATING THE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTSeptember 2023September 2025Allow2410NoNo
18470373DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION CIRCUIT, DATA DRIVER, AND DISPLAY DEVICESeptember 2023September 2025Allow2410NoNo
18469040Method of Fabricating an Antenna Having a Substrate Configured to Facilitate Through-Metal Energy Transfer Via Near Field Magnetic CouplingSeptember 2023June 2024Allow900NoNo
18467157SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OFF-CHIP DATA COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION FOR MACHINE LEARNING NETWORKSSeptember 2023December 2025Allow2720NoNo
18466027GATED RING OSCILLATOR LINEARIZATIONSeptember 2023January 2025Allow1610NoNo
18466046Bootstrap Circuit with Boosted ImpedanceSeptember 2023June 2024Allow910YesNo
18465495METHODS, SYSTEMS, ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE, AND APPARATUS TO DECODE ZERO-VALUE-COMPRESSION DATA VECTORSSeptember 2023May 2025Allow2000NoNo
18463143GRAPH-BASED COMPRESSION OF DATA RECORDSSeptember 2023July 2024Allow1110NoNo
18461152AUXILIARY ADC-BASED CALIBRATION FOR NON-LINEARITY CORRECTION OF ADCSeptember 2023July 2024Allow1110NoNo
182794259B/10B ENCODING AND DECODING METHODAugust 2023May 2025Allow2100NoNo
18455291SIGMA-DELTA ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTERAugust 2023May 2025Allow2100NoNo

Appeals Overview

This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER.

Strategic Value of Filing an Appeal

Total Appeal Filings
2
Allowed After Appeal Filing
1
(50.0%)
Not Allowed After Appeal Filing
1
(50.0%)
Filing Benefit Percentile
80.6%
Higher than average

Understanding Appeal Filing Strategy

Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.

In this dataset, 50.0% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is in the top 25% across the USPTO, indicating that filing appeals is particularly effective here. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.

Strategic Recommendations

Filing a Notice of Appeal is strategically valuable. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.

Examiner JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER - Prosecution Strategy Guide

Executive Summary

Examiner JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER works in Art Unit 2845 and has examined 1,118 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 96.9%, this examiner allows applications at a higher rate than most examiners at the USPTO. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 12 months.

Allowance Patterns

Examiner JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER's allowance rate of 96.9% places them in the 87% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner is more likely to allow applications than most examiners at the USPTO.

Office Action Patterns

On average, applications examined by JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER receive 0.71 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 4% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues significantly fewer office actions than most examiners.

Prosecution Timeline

The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER is 12 months. This places the examiner in the 100% percentile for prosecution speed. Applications move through prosecution relatively quickly with this examiner.

Interview Effectiveness

Conducting an examiner interview provides a +3.6% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by JEANGLAUDE, JEAN BRUNER. This interview benefit is in the 26% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide a below-average benefit with this examiner.

Request for Continued Examination (RCE) Effectiveness

When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 41.5% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 93% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs are highly effective with this examiner compared to others. If you receive a final rejection, filing an RCE with substantive amendments or arguments has a strong likelihood of success.

After-Final Amendment Practice

This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 71.7% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 93% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner is highly receptive to after-final amendments compared to other examiners. Per MPEP § 714.12, after-final amendments may be entered "under justifiable circumstances." Consider filing after-final amendments with a clear showing of allowability rather than immediately filing an RCE, as this examiner frequently enters such amendments.

Pre-Appeal Conference Effectiveness

When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 200.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 96% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: Pre-appeal conferences are highly effective with this examiner compared to others. Before filing a full appeal brief, strongly consider requesting a PAC. The PAC provides an opportunity for the examiner and supervisory personnel to reconsider the rejection before the case proceeds to the PTAB.

Appeal Withdrawal and Reconsideration

This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 100.0% of appeals filed. This is in the 93% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 50.0% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner frequently reconsiders rejections during the appeal process compared to other examiners. Per MPEP § 1207.01, all appeals must go through a mandatory appeal conference. Filing a Notice of Appeal may prompt favorable reconsideration even before you file an Appeal Brief.

Petition Practice

When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 28.7% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 16% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions are rarely granted regarding this examiner's actions compared to other examiners. Ensure you have a strong procedural basis before filing a petition, as the Technology Center Director typically upholds this examiner's decisions.

Examiner Cooperation and Flexibility

Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 1.7% of allowed cases (in the 73% percentile). This examiner makes examiner's amendments more often than average to place applications in condition for allowance (MPEP § 1302.04).

Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 31.9% of allowed cases (in the 96% percentile). Per MPEP § 714.14, a Quayle action indicates that all claims are allowable but formal matters remain. This examiner frequently uses Quayle actions compared to other examiners, which is a positive indicator that once substantive issues are resolved, allowance follows quickly.

Prosecution Strategy Recommendations

Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:

  • Consider after-final amendments: This examiner frequently enters after-final amendments. If you can clearly overcome rejections with claim amendments, file an after-final amendment before resorting to an RCE.
  • RCEs are effective: This examiner has a high allowance rate after RCE compared to others. If you receive a final rejection and have substantive amendments or arguments, an RCE is likely to be successful.
  • Request pre-appeal conferences: PACs are highly effective with this examiner. Before filing a full appeal brief, request a PAC to potentially resolve issues without full PTAB review.
  • Appeal filing as negotiation tool: This examiner frequently reconsiders rejections during the appeal process. Filing a Notice of Appeal may prompt favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.

Relevant MPEP Sections for Prosecution Strategy

  • MPEP § 713.10: Examiner interviews - available before Notice of Allowance or transfer to PTAB
  • MPEP § 714.12: After-final amendments - may be entered "under justifiable circumstances"
  • MPEP § 1002.02(c): Petitionable matters to Technology Center Director
  • MPEP § 1004: Actions requiring primary examiner signature (allowances, final rejections, examiner's answers)
  • MPEP § 1207.01: Appeal conferences - mandatory for all appeals
  • MPEP § 1214.07: Reopening prosecution after appeal

Important Disclaimer

Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.

No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.

Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.

Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.