Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19093247 | DISTRIBUTED POWER TRANSFER AND STORAGE SYSTEM FOR HIGH-SPEED DIRECT CURRENT CHARGING | March 2025 | December 2025 | Allow | 9 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 19060130 | EMERGENCY PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR UPS | February 2025 | April 2025 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 19050037 | SUPERCAPACITOR TO ELECTROCHEMICAL HYBRID SYSTEM | February 2025 | March 2026 | Allow | 13 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18979370 | POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM, VEHICLE AND POWER SUPPLY METHOD | December 2024 | August 2025 | Allow | 8 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18952717 | SMART METER SOCKET ADAPTER FOR CONNECTING BATTER ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM | November 2024 | November 2025 | Allow | 11 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18862937 | CONTROL OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER PLANT TO DETECT A CONTROL FAULT | November 2024 | January 2025 | Allow | 3 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18892210 | Elevator Backup Power System and Method | September 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 9 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18882948 | System and Method for Monitoring Power Supply Devices | September 2024 | February 2026 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18822605 | STORAGE APPARATUS, POWER SUPPLYING METHOD, AND PROGRAM | September 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18821079 | OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION FOR A WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM | August 2024 | March 2026 | Allow | 18 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18817925 | TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING VEHICLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION WITH DYSFUNCTIONAL HARDWIRE WAKE-UPS | August 2024 | December 2025 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18772985 | System and Method of Immobilizing a Vehicle to Prevent Vehicle Theft | July 2024 | May 2025 | Abandon | 10 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18758260 | UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY | June 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 13 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18756338 | POWER DEVICE | June 2024 | March 2026 | Allow | 20 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 18754681 | METHOD FOR OPERATING ON-BOARD ELECTRICAL SUBSYSTEM, ON-BOARD ELECTRICAL SUBSYSTEM, AND VEHICLE | June 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 13 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18745337 | SYSTEM, APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EFFICIENT USE OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY | June 2024 | February 2025 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18719025 | MULTI-INPUT SHUTDOWN DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM | June 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 12 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18737425 | OPTICAL STORAGE DIRECT CURRENT COUPLING CONTROL CIRCUIT AND RELATED APPARATUS | June 2024 | August 2024 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18736267 | COMPOSITE FUSELAGE BARREL WITH IMPROVED EME PROTECTION AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF | June 2024 | March 2026 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18716689 | ELECTRICAL CONNECTION UNIT | June 2024 | September 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18715576 | DUAL SUPPLY OF A BACKUP POWER SUPPLY | May 2024 | November 2025 | Allow | 18 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18675394 | UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY, POWER SYSTEM, CONTROL DEVICE, AND CONTROL METHOD | May 2024 | March 2026 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18713896 | POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM | May 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18670260 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWERING A VEHICLE ACCESSORY | May 2024 | December 2024 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18668661 | HIGH-SPEED FAULT ISOLATION FOR POWER SOURCES OF A VEHICLE | May 2024 | March 2026 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18668797 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTION CURTAILMENT AND AUTONOMOUS LOAD BREAKING | May 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18661882 | GRID ANCILLARY SERVICE WITH UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY | May 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18661384 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING HARMONIC CONTENT IN A POWER NETWORK HAVING DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES AND DISTRIBUTED INVERTER SYSTEMS | May 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18660036 | On Grid and Off Grid Power Controller | May 2024 | February 2026 | Abandon | 22 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18658119 | BATTERY SWAPPING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE ELECTRIC MACHINE | May 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 18 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18649650 | MOBILE DEVICE, METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SWITCHING BATTERY THEREOF, AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM | April 2024 | February 2026 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18637082 | CONTROLLER, SYSTEM AND METHOD | April 2024 | March 2026 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18634359 | LOW VOLTAGE HOT TO HOT TIMER | April 2024 | September 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18632501 | CONTROL OF STATIC TRANSFER SWITCH SYSTEM FOR VOLT-SECOND BALANCE TRANSFER | April 2024 | December 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18627213 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROTECTING A WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM | April 2024 | February 2026 | Abandon | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18625219 | VEHICLE BATTERY PACK AND VEHICLE BATTERY PACK SYSTEM HAVING THE SAME | April 2024 | December 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18619968 | POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM, AND MOVING OBJECT INCLUDING POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM | March 2024 | November 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18615411 | CONFIGURABLE PORTABLE SOLOR POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND METHOD | March 2024 | December 2025 | Abandon | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18607669 | POWER DEVICE, POWER DEVICE CONTROL METHOD, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM | March 2024 | February 2026 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18606729 | AUTOMATIC RESET OF VEHICLE MODULES | March 2024 | August 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18595931 | CURRENT TRANSFER ELEMENTS, ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND WIND TURBINES COMPRISING SUCH CURRENT TRANSFER ELEMENTS | March 2024 | December 2025 | Allow | 21 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18594510 | BACKUP POWER SUPPLY WITH CHARGE CONTROL | March 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18592491 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CHARGING A SUBSEA POWER SUPPLY USING SILICON CARBIDE SWITCHING | February 2024 | January 2026 | Abandon | 22 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18583754 | OPEN/CLOSE CONTROL APPARATUS AND VEHICLE | February 2024 | February 2026 | Abandon | 24 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18684695 | AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRIC AUXILIARY DEVICE | February 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18438936 | CONTROLLER FOR A PORTABLE MICROGRID SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USE | February 2024 | February 2025 | Allow | 12 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18580911 | POWER-DISTRIBUTING DEVICE AND MOTOR VEHICLE | January 2024 | August 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18409899 | UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY WITH INRUSH CURRENT PROTECTION AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF | January 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18401002 | POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT, WORKING METHOD OF POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT, AND LIGHTING DEVICE | December 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18396043 | UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY | December 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18392213 | MARINE PROPULSION SYSTEM WITH PRE-CHARGE AND DISCHARGE CIRCUIT | December 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18570364 | POWER SUPPLY CONTROL DEVICE, POWER SUPPLY CONTROL METHOD, AND PROGRAM | December 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 16 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18540762 | Power Module And Power Distribution System | December 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18569626 | BACKUP POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM, MOBILE OBJECT, BACKUP POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM CONTROLLING METHOD, AND PROGRAM | December 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 20 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18528676 | DUAL ACTIVE BRIDGE UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT | December 2023 | September 2025 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18525742 | MICROGRID POWER SYSTEM | November 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18564373 | A POWER GENERATION SYSTEM | November 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18564239 | QUICK AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF | November 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18563271 | ACTIVE DISCHARGE OF A VEHICLE INTERMEDIATE CIRCUIT ELEMENT USING A DISCRETE PWM PULSE-GENERATING DISCHARGE CIRCUIT | November 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18560232 | UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS | November 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 15 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18386689 | NON-CONTACT CHARGING SYSTEM | November 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18557623 | Electronic Control Device and Method for Controlling Electronic Control Device | October 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 16 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18555449 | CONTROL PLATFORM ARCHITECTURE FOR GRID INTEGRATION OF LARGE-SCALE GRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM | October 2023 | January 2024 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18378201 | POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING POWER JOINTLY WITH A BATTERY UNIT AND A SUPERCAPACITOR | October 2023 | October 2025 | Abandon | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18482041 | POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR MOBILE VEHICLES | October 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18482246 | MULTIPLE INTERFACE ELECTRONIC CARD | October 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 16 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18376299 | EXTENDED DURATION AC BATTERY | October 2023 | November 2025 | Abandon | 25 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 18553594 | UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM | October 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 15 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18478138 | Power Storage System And Equalizing Charge Method | September 2023 | August 2025 | Abandon | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18477563 | CONTROL METHOD OF ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS, ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM | September 2023 | September 2025 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18372373 | SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR CURRENT MONITORING AND POWER CONTROL | September 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18467285 | CONTROLLER FOR A PORTABLE MICROGRID SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USE | September 2023 | November 2023 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18463869 | STATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES WITH INTELLIGENT BYPASS | September 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 29 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18463178 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OPERATING A SOLID-STATE RELAY SYSTEM | September 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18457525 | CHARGE CORD INCLUDING FEATURES FOR DISPLAYING INFORMATION | August 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18454138 | ACCESSORY DEVICE FOR MANAGING MULTIPLE POWER SOURCES | August 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18448238 | CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOLAR LAMP | August 2023 | June 2025 | Abandon | 22 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18365324 | LONG-TERM HIGH-POWER BATTERY SYSTEM WITH INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT | August 2023 | October 2024 | Allow | 15 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18263110 | MICROGRID STARTUP METHOD AND STARTUP PROGRAM | July 2023 | October 2024 | Allow | 15 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 18356339 | WIRELESS CHARGING MODULE, CONTROL CIRCUIT, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE | July 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 18224599 | NON-CONTACT POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM | July 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18352763 | AIRCRAFT PROPULSION UTILIZING A SAFETY CRITICAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM | July 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18260667 | CHARGING SYSTEM AND CHARGING CONTROL METHOD | July 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18347761 | RADIO FREQUENCY TRANSACTION WITH A MOBILE DEVICE HAVING A DEPLETED BATTERY | July 2023 | September 2025 | Allow | 26 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 18270543 | A METHOD AND AN ARRANGEMENT FOR SIGNAL TRANSMISSION BETWEEN A PLURALITY OF ELECTRICAL UNITS | June 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18213637 | POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF | June 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18337835 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FREQUENCY MODULATION BASED ON DIRECT CURRENT CONTROLLABLE LOAD | June 2023 | August 2023 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18206719 | REDUNDANT POWER SOURCE SYSTEM WITH OVERVOLTAGE RESPONSE | June 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18252568 | VEHICLE WITH A ZONE ARCHITECTURE | May 2023 | August 2025 | Abandon | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18195972 | POWER SOURCE SELECTION CONTROL | May 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18252448 | Multiport Energy Routing Systems | May 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18143523 | Wireless Power Communication Apparatus and Method | May 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18250313 | POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND POWER SUPPLY UNIT | April 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18298647 | BATTERY SYSTEM CHARGE LEVEL MANAGEMENT | April 2023 | November 2025 | Abandon | 31 | 4 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18030768 | PLAYBACK CONTROL SYSTEM AND POWER SUPPLY METHOD FOR SAME | April 2023 | March 2025 | Allow | 23 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18131380 | Power conversion system | April 2023 | March 2025 | Abandon | 23 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18128229 | VEHICLE POWER MONITORING AND AUXILIARY STARTING DEVICE | March 2023 | March 2025 | Abandon | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18185804 | PASSIVE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFERRING SYSTEM FOR RADIO FREQUENCY ENERGY RELAY | March 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18182016 | ENERGY HARVESTING PRIORITIZATION | March 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 25 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18181798 | SOLAR CELL SYSTEM AND VEHICLE SYSTEM | March 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner FIN, MICHAEL RUTLAND.
With a 37.5% reversal rate, the PTAB reverses the examiner's rejections in a meaningful percentage of cases. This reversal rate is above the USPTO average, indicating that appeals have better success here than typical.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 40.0% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is above the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal can be an effective strategy for prompting reconsideration.
✓ Appeals to PTAB show good success rates. If you have a strong case on the merits, consider fully prosecuting the appeal to a Board decision.
✓ Filing a Notice of Appeal is strategically valuable. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.
Examiner FIN, MICHAEL RUTLAND works in Art Unit 2836 and has examined 605 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 77.2%, this examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 29 months.
Examiner FIN, MICHAEL RUTLAND's allowance rate of 77.2% places them in the 44% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications.
On average, applications examined by FIN, MICHAEL RUTLAND receive 1.81 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 41% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues fewer office actions than average, which may indicate efficient prosecution or a more lenient examination style.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by FIN, MICHAEL RUTLAND is 29 months. This places the examiner in the 65% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly faster than average with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +17.2% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by FIN, MICHAEL RUTLAND. This interview benefit is in the 58% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide an above-average benefit with this examiner and are worth considering.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 28.4% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 51% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. Consider whether your amendments or new arguments are strong enough to warrant an RCE versus filing a continuation.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 39.5% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 60% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows above-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. If your amendments clearly overcome the rejections and do not raise new issues, consider filing after-final amendments before resorting to an RCE.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 0.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 13% percentile among all examiners. Note: Pre-appeal conferences show limited success with this examiner compared to others. While still worth considering, be prepared to proceed with a full appeal brief if the PAC does not result in favorable action.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 66.7% of appeals filed. This is in the 50% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 18.8% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner shows below-average willingness to reconsider rejections during appeals. Be prepared to fully prosecute appeals if filed.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 53.7% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 54% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions show above-average success regarding this examiner's actions. Petitionable matters include restriction requirements (MPEP § 1002.02(c)(2)) and various procedural issues.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 8.9% of allowed cases (in the 92% percentile). Per MPEP § 1302.04, examiner's amendments are used to place applications in condition for allowance when only minor changes are needed. This examiner frequently uses this tool compared to other examiners, indicating a cooperative approach to getting applications allowed. Strategic Insight: If you are close to allowance but minor claim amendments are needed, this examiner may be willing to make an examiner's amendment rather than requiring another round of prosecution.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.9% of allowed cases (in the 59% percentile). This examiner issues Quayle actions more often than average when claims are allowable but formal matters remain (MPEP § 714.14).
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.