Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18436614 | COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR GENERATING ANTI-NOISE | February 2024 | September 2025 | Allow | 19 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18400455 | VIBRATION MODULE, SPEAKER HAVING THE SAME, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | December 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18540019 | APPARATUS HAVING AN INSERT FOR TESTING AN EARPIECE OF A HEADPHONE | December 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18454231 | CHARGING COIL FOR A HEARING AID CHARGER, HEARING AID CHARGER AND WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM | August 2023 | November 2025 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18449859 | VIBRATION COMPONENTS WITH MASS ELEMENT AND ELASTIC ELEMENT | August 2023 | January 2026 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18231492 | HEADSET HAVING VARIABLE BAND STRUCTURE | August 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18360779 | OPEN EARPHONES WITH TWO PRESSURE RELIEF HOLES | July 2023 | November 2025 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18272935 | A METHOD OF OPTIMIZING PARAMETERS IN A HEARING AID SYSTEM AND AN IN-SITU FITTING SYSTEM | July 2023 | January 2026 | Abandon | 30 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18336623 | Subwoofer Phase Alignment Control System and Method | June 2023 | January 2026 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18208561 | ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VIBRATION MEMBERS FOR OUTPUTTING SOUND | June 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18185351 | BONE CONDUCTION SOUND TRANSMISSION DEVICES | March 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 31 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18181537 | VIBRATION SENSORS | March 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18169227 | BONE CONDUCTION MICROPHONES | February 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 30 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18168585 | VIBRATION SENSOR | February 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 30 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18105051 | GENERATION OF SOUND FILTER BASED ON ACOUSTIC MODEL AND ESTIMATED ACOUSTIC MODEL | February 2023 | September 2025 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18151447 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SUPPRESSING SOUND LEAKAGE | January 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18151404 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SUPPRESSING SOUND LEAKAGE | January 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18092932 | VIBRATION SOUNDING DEVICE | January 2023 | March 2025 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18088113 | WIRELESS HEADPHONE SYSTEM WITH STANDALONE MICROPHONE FUNCTIONALITY | December 2022 | February 2026 | Allow | 38 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18077865 | BONE CONDUCTION APPARATUS | December 2022 | November 2024 | Abandon | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18073583 | Coaxial Speaker | December 2022 | February 2025 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17926799 | Wireless Audio System, Wireless Communication Method, and Device | November 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17969125 | OPEN-EAR HOOK-TYPE WEARABLE SOUND PRODUCING DEVICE | October 2022 | September 2025 | Allow | 35 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17943473 | HEADPHONE INCLUDING A HOUSING AND TWO SEPARATE DRIVERS THEREIN | September 2022 | June 2025 | Abandon | 33 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17876137 | EARPHONE CASE AND WIRELESS EARPHONE | July 2022 | November 2024 | Allow | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17875423 | MOVING COIL SPEAKER WITH ANNULAR RIB | July 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17867714 | Musical Instrument Microphone Holder | July 2022 | July 2025 | Abandon | 36 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17841521 | SELF-COOLING HEADSETS | June 2022 | May 2024 | Abandon | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17830547 | METHOD FOR INITIALIZING A LONG-TERM-STORAGE MODE FOR A HEARING INSTRUMENT AND HEARING INSTRUMENT | June 2022 | September 2024 | Abandon | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17756798 | HIGH EXCURSION, LOW DISTORTION AND LOW DEPTH SPEAKER | June 2022 | February 2025 | Abandon | 33 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17778707 | DISPLAY DEVICE WITH PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR | May 2022 | November 2024 | Allow | 30 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17778245 | ACTIVE NOISE REDUCTION ACOUSTIC UNIT AND SOUND-PRODUCING UNIT | May 2022 | November 2024 | Allow | 30 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17739129 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PERSONALIZED, IMAGE ANALYSIS BASED POSITIONING OF HEARING AIDS | May 2022 | December 2023 | Abandon | 19 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17736262 | CHARGING DEVICE OF A HEARING AID AND SYSTEM WITH THE CHARGING DEVICE | May 2022 | February 2024 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17722751 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING WIND NOISE | April 2022 | January 2024 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17720863 | SEALING SLEEVE FOR PROTECTION OF COMPONENTS IN A HEARING DEVICE | April 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 36 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17698740 | Microphone Alignment Device | March 2022 | December 2023 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17692523 | SPEAKER ENCLOSURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EQUALIZATION | March 2022 | December 2023 | Abandon | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17689504 | AUDIO PROCESSING SYSTEM AND AUDIO PROCESSING DEVICE | March 2022 | March 2024 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17685924 | Exposed Copper Area for Port Electrostatic Discharge Protection | March 2022 | November 2023 | Abandon | 20 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17685690 | SOUND OUTPUT DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING SAME | March 2022 | April 2024 | Allow | 25 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17636173 | SOUND GENERATION DEVICE FOR VEHICLE | February 2022 | March 2024 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17591827 | HEARING DEVICE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A HEARING DEVICE SYSTEM | February 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17583105 | MEDIA SYSTEM AND METHOD OF ACCOMMODATING HEARING LOSS USING A PERSONALIZED AUDIO FILTER | January 2022 | March 2024 | Allow | 25 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17575968 | HEARING DEVICE WITH MINIMUM PROCESSING BEAMFORMER | January 2022 | September 2024 | Allow | 32 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17571361 | SIGNAL PROCESSING METHODS AND SYSTEM FOR BEAM FORMING WITH IMPROVED SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO | January 2022 | March 2025 | Allow | 38 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17563601 | ACOUSTIC ELEMENT | December 2021 | March 2026 | Abandon | 50 | 4 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 17510211 | Charger That Can Be Used As A Remote Microphone For Hearing Devices | October 2021 | October 2024 | Abandon | 35 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17448412 | HEARING AID WITH REMOTE BATTERY AND ANTENNA | September 2021 | January 2025 | Abandon | 40 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 17400672 | PROCESSING DEVICE, PROCESSING METHOD, REPRODUCING METHOD, AND PROGRAM | August 2021 | January 2024 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17345689 | AUDIO STREAM SWITCHING METHOD AND APPARATUS | June 2021 | February 2024 | Allow | 32 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17309468 | ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER FOR IMPLANTATION IN AN EAR, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH, AND COCHLEAR IMPLANT SYSTEM | May 2021 | April 2025 | Allow | 47 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17136231 | Earpiece for audiograms | December 2020 | November 2025 | Allow | 58 | 8 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17110863 | HEARING PROSTHESIS PROCESSING MODES BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS | December 2020 | August 2023 | Allow | 33 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17019574 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PAIRING A HEARING DEVICE AND AN APPLIANCE | September 2020 | October 2024 | Allow | 49 | 6 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 15311372 | METHOD USING A LOUDSPEAKER COMPRISING A MODULE FOR GENERATING A VALUE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE INTERNAL OPERATION OF THE LOUDSPEAKER | November 2016 | November 2017 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15345926 | CLASS-D AMPLIFIER, AUDIO PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DRIVING CLASS-D AMPLIFIER | November 2016 | May 2018 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15010892 | MICRO SPEAKER WITH CAPACITORS FORMED BY CONDUCTIVE DIAPHRAGM AND POLE PLATE | January 2016 | August 2017 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15011451 | MICRO SPEAKER WITH CAPACITORS FORMED BY CONDUCTIVE SEGMENTED COVER AND SEGMENTED DIAPHRAGM | January 2016 | August 2017 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15011454 | MICRO SPEAKER WITH CAPACITORS FORMED BY CONDUCTIVE COVER AND SEGMENTED DIAPHRAGM | January 2016 | July 2017 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15010949 | Micro Speaker with capacitors formed by conductive cover and diaphragm | January 2016 | August 2017 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15011460 | Micro Speaker with Capacitors Formed by Conductive Segmented Cover and Diaphragm | January 2016 | July 2017 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14840761 | MICROPHONE COMPATIBILITY | August 2015 | March 2017 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 14748748 | AUDIO SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF DISTORTION | June 2015 | November 2016 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14634012 | WEARABLE AUDIO DEVICE | February 2015 | November 2016 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14622820 | WATER DANCING SPEAKER | February 2015 | August 2016 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14588803 | SPEAKER CORE WITH REMOVABLE JACKET | January 2015 | December 2016 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 14588534 | EARPIECE AND ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER WITH PROTRUSIONS AND/OR GROOVED PASSAGES | January 2015 | August 2016 | Allow | 19 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14584742 | Capacitive MEMS microphone with insulating support between diaphragm and back plate | December 2014 | September 2017 | Allow | 33 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14580163 | ELECTRONIC APPARATUS COMPRISING A PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATION MODULE CONFIGURED TO VIBRATE A COVER PANEL, STORAGE MEDIUM STORING CONTROL PROGRAM THAT CONTROLS THE ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND INFORMATION NOTIFICATION METHOD OF THE ELECTRONIC APPARATUS | December 2014 | January 2017 | Allow | 25 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 14362119 | ELECTROSTATIC SPEAKER | May 2014 | May 2015 | Allow | 12 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14289770 | HANDHELD MICROPHONE WITH A NOTCH FILTER AND A HIGH PASS FILTER | May 2014 | August 2016 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14246188 | Audio Device for Altering Water Structure | April 2014 | September 2016 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 14159663 | WEARABLE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACOUSTIC SENSOR | January 2014 | September 2016 | Allow | 32 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 14159873 | ADJUSTABLE SPEAKER RIGGING SYSTEM | January 2014 | June 2016 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14155564 | Noise Event Suppression for Monitoring System | January 2014 | September 2015 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14151616 | FULL-AUDIO-RANGE SPEAKER | January 2014 | February 2016 | Allow | 25 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13979102 | AT LEAST PARTIALLY IMPLANTABLE SOUND PICK-UP DEVICE WITH ULTRASOUND EMITTER | September 2013 | September 2014 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14012203 | CONTROL OF A SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY AND LINEAR POWER SUPPLY FOR AN AUDIO DEVICE | August 2013 | June 2016 | Allow | 34 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 13975715 | ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER WITH WIRELESS CHARGING COIL | August 2013 | September 2014 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13904012 | SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AN AUDIO SIGNAL BASED ON COLOR VALUES OF AN IMAGE | May 2013 | October 2015 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13867068 | LOUDSPEAKER THAT IS AXIALLY STABILIZIED OUT OF THE DIAPHRAGM SUSPENSION PLANE | April 2013 | February 2015 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13852448 | EARPHONE WITH ELASTIC HOLDER FOR DRIVER AND CORD | March 2013 | October 2014 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13876459 | STRUCTURE FOR PREVENTING A FALL OF A SPEAKER DEVICE FROM A MAIN APPLIANCE | March 2013 | August 2014 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13753319 | MICROPHONE BUSH WITH FOLDABLE TONGUE PORTION | January 2013 | December 2014 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13581630 | VOLUME AMPLITUDE LIMITING DEVICE | August 2012 | February 2015 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13572682 | AUDIO SIGNAL ADJUSTMENT FOR TWO SIGNALS TO BE PLAYED AT THE SAME TIME | August 2012 | January 2015 | Allow | 29 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13564455 | EARPHONE WITH SPEAKER FACING AWAY FROM EARPIECE AND SOUND TUBE THAT COMMUNICATES WITH SPACES IN FRONT OF AND BEHIND THE SPEAKER | August 2012 | January 2014 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13346313 | RIBBON MICROPHONE WITH AUTOMATIC PROTECTION SWITCH | January 2012 | November 2013 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13309012 | EAR MODELS WITH MICROPHONES FOR PSYCHOACOUSTIC IMAGERY | December 2011 | August 2014 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 13137364 | NOISE PREVENTING GOOSENECK MICROPHONE | August 2011 | December 2014 | Allow | 41 | 5 | 0 | Yes | Yes |
| 13136174 | HEARING AID WITH AN OPERATIONAL BASED SWITCH | July 2011 | May 2013 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 13105230 | FLEXIBLE RESONANCE UNIT FOR A SPEAKER | May 2011 | April 2014 | Allow | 35 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13089738 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OWN VOICE RECOGNITION WITH ADAPTATIONS FOR NOISE ROBUSTNESS | April 2011 | March 2013 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 13087985 | RIBBON MICROPHONE UNIT WITH SYMMETRICAL SIGNAL PATHS | April 2011 | July 2013 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 12934809 | MICROPHONE UNIT, CLOSE-TALKING TYPE SPEECH INPUT DEVICE, INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MICROPHONE UNIT | March 2011 | August 2013 | Allow | 34 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 12937531 | COMPOSITE MICROPHONE WITH FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATE AND CONDUCTORS | December 2010 | January 2014 | Allow | 39 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 12942531 | CABLE STRUCTURE FOR PREVENTING TANGLING | November 2010 | August 2013 | Allow | 34 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 12909905 | AUSCULTATION APPARATUS WITH TWO OPTICAL MICROPHONES | October 2010 | June 2014 | Allow | 43 | 4 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 12909569 | ESTIMATION OF SYNTHETIC AUDIO PROTOTYPES | October 2010 | November 2013 | Allow | 36 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner FALEY, KATHERINE A.
With a 0.0% reversal rate, the PTAB affirms the examiner's rejections in the vast majority of cases. This reversal rate is in the bottom 25% across the USPTO, indicating that appeals face significant challenges here.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 50.0% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is in the top 25% across the USPTO, indicating that filing appeals is particularly effective here. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.
⚠ Appeals to PTAB face challenges. Ensure your case has strong merit before committing to full Board review.
✓ Filing a Notice of Appeal is strategically valuable. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.
Examiner FALEY, KATHERINE A works in Art Unit 2693 and has examined 54 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 94.4%, this examiner allows applications at a higher rate than most examiners at the USPTO. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 26 months.
Examiner FALEY, KATHERINE A's allowance rate of 94.4% places them in the 83% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner is more likely to allow applications than most examiners at the USPTO.
On average, applications examined by FALEY, KATHERINE A receive 1.83 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 42% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues fewer office actions than average, which may indicate efficient prosecution or a more lenient examination style.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by FALEY, KATHERINE A is 26 months. This places the examiner in the 76% percentile for prosecution speed. Applications move through prosecution relatively quickly with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +10.8% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by FALEY, KATHERINE A. This interview benefit is in the 44% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide a below-average benefit with this examiner.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 26.3% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 43% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show below-average effectiveness with this examiner. Carefully evaluate whether an RCE or continuation is the better strategy.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 37.5% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 57% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows above-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. If your amendments clearly overcome the rejections and do not raise new issues, consider filing after-final amendments before resorting to an RCE.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 200.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 95% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: Pre-appeal conferences are highly effective with this examiner compared to others. Before filing a full appeal brief, strongly consider requesting a PAC. The PAC provides an opportunity for the examiner and supervisory personnel to reconsider the rejection before the case proceeds to the PTAB.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 75.0% of appeals filed. This is in the 65% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 33.3% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner shows above-average willingness to reconsider rejections during appeals. The mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) provides an opportunity for reconsideration.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 200.0% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 99% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions are frequently granted regarding this examiner's actions compared to other examiners. Per MPEP § 1002.02(c), various examiner actions are petitionable to the Technology Center Director, including prematureness of final rejection, refusal to enter amendments, and requirement for information. If you believe an examiner action is improper, consider filing a petition.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 23% percentile). This examiner rarely makes examiner's amendments compared to other examiners. You should expect to make all necessary claim amendments yourself through formal amendment practice.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 30% percentile). This examiner issues Quayle actions less often than average. Allowances may come directly without a separate action for formal matters.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.