Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18664758 | Dynamic Collection and Reporting of Customer Premises Context Information in Response to Predicted Emergency Event | May 2024 | May 2025 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18652742 | EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSONS | May 2024 | February 2025 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18500973 | CUSTOMER SECURITY STATUS AWAY SELECTIONS_2 | November 2023 | May 2025 | Abandon | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18488279 | Road safety hotspot location identification and reporting system and method | October 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18469244 | CONFIGURABLE SECURITY SYSTEM | September 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 20 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18464603 | ENCODING APPARATUS, ENCODING METHOD, DECODING APPARATUS, DECODING METHOD, TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, RECEIVING APPARATUS, AND PROGRAM | September 2023 | October 2024 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18456598 | CONTROL DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD | August 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18365407 | Dynamic Collection and Reporting of Customer Premises Context Information in Response to Predicted Emergency Event | August 2023 | March 2024 | Allow | 7 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18228114 | ARTICLE OF FOOTWEAR HAVING A DISPLAY SYSTEM | July 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 19 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18360834 | METHODS FOR GAS LEAKAGE EMERGENCY TREATMENT BASED ON INDOOR SAFETY AND SMART GAS INTERNET OF THINGS SYSTEMS | July 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18353537 | AERIAL SURVEILLANCE FOR PREMISES SECURITY SYSTEMS | July 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18348955 | Information Management System and Method | July 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18216300 | METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR MEDICAL CODE EVENT INFORMATION TRACKING | June 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18215248 | SYSTEM FOR CLASSIFYING THE USAGE OF A HANDHELD CONSUMER DEVICE | June 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18330822 | ACCESS CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR DETECTING SECURE DATA COPIED BETWEEN DEVICES | June 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 18312503 | VERIFYING A FALSE ALARM ON A SMOKE DETECTOR USING AN INTERNAL AIR QUALITY SENSOR | May 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18140167 | DISTANCE-TO-FAULT POWER OUTAGE NOTIFICATION | April 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18137948 | DISTANCE-TO-FAULT POWER OUTAGE NOTIFICATION | April 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 10 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18300181 | VEHICLE CONTROL METHOD, VEHICLE-MOUNTED APPARATUS, AND MOBILE TERMINAL | April 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 25 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18154805 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VEHICLE AND MOVING OBJECT | January 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 22 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18154541 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING GAS ACCUMULATION IN ENCLOSED SPACES | January 2023 | June 2025 | Abandon | 29 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18096476 | METHOD FOR ASSISTING SAFER DRIVING AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE | January 2023 | February 2025 | Allow | 25 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18085770 | TAMPER-EVIDENT RFID TAG AND METHOD THEREOF | December 2022 | March 2025 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18080383 | VEHICLE INTERIOR TRIM ELEMENT WITH HAPTIC FEEDBACK FUNCTION | December 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 30 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17971149 | RECOIL SECURITY APPARATUS FOR PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES | October 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17966785 | Multifunctional Telemetry Apparatus for real-time emergency support | October 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 24 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17795070 | WEARABLE ARTICLE | July 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 34 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17782435 | FRAUD DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD | July 2022 | December 2024 | Abandon | 31 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17829426 | VIDEO DOORBELL AND AUTOMATIC SETTING METHOD THEREOF | June 2022 | June 2024 | Allow | 24 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17710799 | CATALYTIC CONVERTER ALARM SYSTEM | March 2022 | April 2025 | Abandon | 37 | 2 | 0 | No | Yes |
| 17653767 | ILLEGAL STOPPING ZONE AVOIDANCE SYSTEM | March 2022 | October 2023 | Allow | 19 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17677083 | SENSOR DEVICE-BASED DETECTION OF TRAUMA EVENTS AND RESPONSES | February 2022 | December 2024 | Allow | 34 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17675985 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CATALYST SENSOR DIAGNOSTICS | February 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 35 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17673990 | Service Animal Tracking Evaluation System Using Metrics | February 2022 | December 2024 | Allow | 34 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17672182 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING SECURITY EVENTS IN AN ENVIRONMENT | February 2022 | August 2024 | Allow | 30 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17672494 | SENSORY SYSTEM | February 2022 | July 2024 | Abandon | 29 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17590993 | Powerline Communications for Lighting Systems | February 2022 | May 2024 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17587534 | HAPTIC FEEDBACK SYSTEM | January 2022 | November 2024 | Allow | 33 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17576457 | HAPTIC FEEDBACK SYSTEM | January 2022 | June 2024 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17550438 | TRANSMITTER ALTERATIONS BASED ON VIBRATION PATTERNS | December 2021 | June 2024 | Allow | 30 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17543770 | CONSUMER PRODUCT LOCK DATA | December 2021 | October 2024 | Abandon | 34 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17534088 | SECURITY, MONITORING AND AUTOMATION CONTROLLER ACCESS AND USE OF LEGACY SECURITY CONTROL PANEL INFORMATION | November 2021 | October 2024 | Allow | 35 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 17531686 | USER TERMINAL FOR PROVIDING DISASTER INFORMATION, WEARABLE DEVICE CONNECTED TO THE USER TERMINAL, AND METHOD OF PROVIDING DISASTER INFORMATION | November 2021 | December 2023 | Abandon | 25 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17452910 | FOREIGN OBJECT DETECTION FOR VEHICLE OPERATION, PRODUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE | October 2021 | May 2024 | Allow | 30 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17510379 | METHOD FOR OPERATING A MOTOR VEHICLE ASSISTANCE SYSTEM AND AN ASSISTANCE SYSTEM | October 2021 | July 2024 | Allow | 32 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17509333 | ACCESSIBILITY SYSTEM FOR ASSISTING A USER IN INTERACTING WITH A VEHICLE | October 2021 | March 2024 | Abandon | 29 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17500847 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION | October 2021 | May 2025 | Abandon | 43 | 2 | 0 | Yes | Yes |
| 17497729 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROBABILISTIC NETWORK BASED LOSS PREVENTION SENSORS | October 2021 | January 2024 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17481659 | FINGERTIP MEDICAL VIBRATORY DEVICE | September 2021 | November 2023 | Allow | 25 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17431260 | ALARM CONTROL DEVICE AND ALARM CONTROL METHOD | August 2021 | June 2024 | Allow | 34 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17444544 | SENSOR-FRIENDLY VEHICLE WARNING SIGN | August 2021 | September 2023 | Allow | 25 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17394320 | ALARM THRESHOLD SETTING SUGGESTION METHOD, SYSTEM AND MONITOR | August 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 37 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17392156 | MAPPING NETWORKED DEVICES | August 2021 | January 2025 | Allow | 41 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17387789 | EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSONS | July 2021 | January 2024 | Allow | 30 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17443360 | FOREIGN OBJECT DETECTION FOR PASSENGER-ACCESSIBLE STOWAGE COMPARTMENTS | July 2021 | August 2023 | Allow | 25 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17370790 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HOME HEALTH EVALUATION AND REMEDIATION | July 2021 | January 2025 | Allow | 43 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17368378 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING RELATIVE POSITIONING BETWEEN DEVICES | July 2021 | May 2024 | Allow | 34 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17363730 | NOTIFICATION LOCATION SETTING DEVICE, STORAGE MEDIUM STORING COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR NOTIFICATION LOCATION SETTING, AND NOTIFICATION LOCATION SETTING METHOD | June 2021 | September 2023 | Allow | 27 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17356151 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)-BASED SECURITY SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND SECURING PHYSICAL LOCATIONS | June 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 29 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17346775 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RFID-BASED RETAIL MANAGEMENT | June 2021 | October 2023 | Allow | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17235335 | SYSTEM, METHOD AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF VITAL SIGNS | April 2021 | March 2025 | Abandon | 46 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17287009 | INFORMATION PROCESSOR, INFORMATION PROCESSING METHODS, AND STORAGE MEDIUM | April 2021 | April 2025 | Abandon | 48 | 8 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17285207 | Lens, Active Light Emitting Module, and Terminal | April 2021 | January 2024 | Allow | 33 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17300160 | Interactive product display case | April 2021 | August 2024 | Allow | 40 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17215210 | Road user vulnerability state classification and reporting system and method | March 2021 | July 2023 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17275884 | Moisture Detection and Indicator System and Method of Use while Maintaining Roof Membrane Integrity | March 2021 | April 2024 | Allow | 37 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17167963 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ANALYZING SENSOR DATA TO DETECT PROPERTY INTRUSION EVENTS | February 2021 | March 2024 | Abandon | 37 | 6 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17145391 | MULTI-ALERT SECURITY MESSAGING SYSTEM | January 2021 | May 2023 | Abandon | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17255537 | ENCODING APPARATUS, ENCODING METHOD, DECODING APPARATUS, DECODING METHOD, TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, RECEIVING APPARATUS, AND PROGRAM | December 2020 | June 2023 | Allow | 29 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17252933 | A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GUIDING A USER OPERATING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER | December 2020 | August 2023 | Allow | 32 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17032463 | HAPTIC GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION TO MOBILE POINTS OF ENTRY | September 2020 | August 2023 | Allow | 35 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16996526 | PASSIVE-RADIO FREQUENCY BLOCKING OF SIDE-LOBE READS | August 2020 | October 2023 | Allow | 38 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16994034 | MULTI-SENSOR WITNESS INTEGRITY SENSING PLATFORM | August 2020 | January 2024 | Allow | 41 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16994176 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BIRD CONTROL USING LASER | August 2020 | December 2024 | Abandon | 52 | 4 | 0 | Yes | Yes |
| 16986521 | ALARM MANAGEMENT APPARATUS, ALARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, AND ALARM MANAGEMENT METHOD | August 2020 | September 2023 | Allow | 37 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16904674 | VEHICLE MONITORING DEVICE, VEHICLE, AND VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM | June 2020 | August 2023 | Allow | 38 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16874797 | TAIL LAMP BACK DOOR/TAILGATE ACTIVATION SWITCH | May 2020 | October 2023 | Allow | 42 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16805731 | OVERHEAD DOOR OPENER WITH GUIDE BEARINGS | February 2020 | September 2023 | Allow | 43 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16787886 | ALERT GENERATION SYSTEM | February 2020 | September 2023 | Allow | 43 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 16734587 | METHOD FOR SENSING OF BIOMETRIC DATA AND USE THEREOF FOR BIDIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION WITH NETWORKED DEVICES | January 2020 | December 2023 | Allow | 47 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 16319437 | METHOD FOR CONFIGURING AND SUPERVISING A HOME AUTOMATION INSTALLATION | August 2019 | August 2023 | Allow | 55 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16352953 | AUTOMATIC PULL STATION PROTECTOR AND METHOD | March 2019 | September 2020 | Abandon | 18 | 4 | 0 | Yes | Yes |
| 16295188 | Method of Scheduling an Appliance Service Call Using an IOT Device | March 2019 | November 2024 | Abandon | 60 | 3 | 0 | Yes | Yes |
| 15675742 | POWER MONITORING AND SIGNAL UNIT | August 2017 | December 2023 | Allow | 60 | 10 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 15214479 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY LOCATING VACANT PARKING PLACES | July 2016 | June 2018 | Allow | 23 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 14765302 | INFORMATION PROVISION DEVICE FOR VEHICLE | July 2015 | October 2017 | Allow | 26 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 14367503 | DEVICE WITH DETECTION, SIGNALLING AND INFORMATION TAG AND TAG DETACHER FOR SUCH A DEVICE | June 2014 | November 2016 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 14128784 | INTELLIGENT LIGHTING NETWORK FOR GENERATING LIGHT AVATARS | December 2013 | September 2016 | Allow | 33 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13722439 | Providing Locality Information Via Light Sources | December 2012 | September 2015 | Allow | 33 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13573320 | Flow control gate and method | September 2012 | September 2014 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 13212885 | MOVABLE GOLF RANGE TARGET WITH RFID BALL IDENTIFIER | August 2011 | January 2015 | Allow | 41 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13141415 | CODING FOR NON FUNCTIONAL KEYS OF A KEYBOARD OR KEYPAD | August 2011 | June 2016 | Allow | 60 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13190484 | SADDLE RIDING VEHICLE | July 2011 | September 2013 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 12998485 | CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY GUIDING A VEHICLE | July 2011 | February 2014 | Allow | 33 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 13128906 | DOMESTIC APPLIANCE COMPRISING A MEASURING UNIT AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING A MEASUREMENT VARIABLE | May 2011 | May 2014 | Allow | 36 | 2 | 0 | Yes | Yes |
| 13093871 | CIRCUIT FOR CHECKING THE VOLTAGE OF BATTERIES | April 2011 | April 2013 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 12864869 | CONTAINER FOR FLUID PRODUCTS, IN PARTICULAR PERFUMES, DEODORANTS, CREAMS AND SIMILAR | October 2010 | September 2015 | Allow | 60 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 12853575 | Automatic Part Mapping System | August 2010 | December 2014 | Allow | 53 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 12739760 | METHOD FOR DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN REFLECTORS ARRANGED ON THE ROADSIDE AND VEHICLE LIGHTS IN THE DARK | August 2010 | June 2013 | Allow | 38 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 12789049 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTENTION RESOLUTION OF PASSIVE ENDPOINTS | May 2010 | March 2014 | Allow | 46 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner BLACK-CHILDRESS, RAJSHEED O.
With a 0.0% reversal rate, the PTAB affirms the examiner's rejections in the vast majority of cases. This reversal rate is in the bottom 25% across the USPTO, indicating that appeals face significant challenges here.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 28.6% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is below the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal has limited effectiveness in prompting favorable reconsideration.
⚠ Appeals to PTAB face challenges. Ensure your case has strong merit before committing to full Board review.
⚠ Filing a Notice of Appeal shows limited benefit. Consider other strategies like interviews or amendments before appealing.
Examiner BLACK-CHILDRESS, RAJSHEED O works in Art Unit 2685 and has examined 103 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 84.5%, this examiner has an above-average tendency to allow applications. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 31 months.
Examiner BLACK-CHILDRESS, RAJSHEED O's allowance rate of 84.5% places them in the 54% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner has an above-average tendency to allow applications.
On average, applications examined by BLACK-CHILDRESS, RAJSHEED O receive 2.15 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 72% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues a slightly above-average number of office actions.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by BLACK-CHILDRESS, RAJSHEED O is 31 months. This places the examiner in the 36% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly slower than average with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +0.9% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by BLACK-CHILDRESS, RAJSHEED O. This interview benefit is in the 15% percentile among all examiners. Note: Interviews show limited statistical benefit with this examiner compared to others, though they may still be valuable for clarifying issues.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 30.4% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 51% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. Consider whether your amendments or new arguments are strong enough to warrant an RCE versus filing a continuation.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 19.0% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 15% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner rarely enters after-final amendments compared to other examiners. You should generally plan to file an RCE or appeal rather than relying on after-final amendment entry. Per MPEP § 714.12, primary examiners have discretion in entering after-final amendments, and this examiner exercises that discretion conservatively.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 100.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 71% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: Pre-appeal conferences show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. If you have strong arguments, a PAC request may result in favorable reconsideration.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 37.5% of appeals filed. This is in the 4% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 66.7% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner rarely withdraws rejections during the appeal process compared to other examiners. If you file an appeal, be prepared to fully prosecute it to a PTAB decision. Per MPEP § 1207, the examiner will prepare an Examiner's Answer maintaining the rejections.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 54.5% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 68% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions show above-average success regarding this examiner's actions. Petitionable matters include restriction requirements (MPEP § 1002.02(c)(2)) and various procedural issues.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 1.0% of allowed cases (in the 68% percentile). This examiner makes examiner's amendments more often than average to place applications in condition for allowance (MPEP § 1302.04).
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 4.6% of allowed cases (in the 78% percentile). Per MPEP § 714.14, a Quayle action indicates that all claims are allowable but formal matters remain. This examiner frequently uses Quayle actions compared to other examiners, which is a positive indicator that once substantive issues are resolved, allowance follows quickly.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.