Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18989003 | VEHICULAR REARVIEW MIRROR CONTROL SYSTEM | December 2024 | January 2026 | Allow | 13 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18893395 | INTER-PLANE PREDICTION | September 2024 | September 2025 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18824053 | SCALING LIST PARAMETER-BASED VIDEO OR IMAGE CODING | September 2024 | November 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18813665 | VIDEO ENCODING RATE CONTROL FOR INTRA AND SCENE CHANGE FRAMES USING MACHINE LEARNING | August 2024 | January 2026 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18789551 | GEOMETRY PARTITION MODE AND MERGE MODE WITH MOTION VECTOR DIFFERENCE SIGNALING | July 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18772861 | HISTORY-BASED MOTION VECTOR PREDICTION WITH DEFAULT PARAMETERS | July 2024 | June 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18767679 | METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR ENCODING AND DECODING A BLOCK OF VIDEO SAMPLES | July 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18767755 | METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR ENCODING AND DECODING A BLOCK OF VIDEO SAMPLES | July 2024 | September 2025 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18761465 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PERFORMING SIGN PREDICTION IN VIDEO CODING | July 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18762618 | METHOD FOR TEMPORAL MOTION INFORMATION PREDICTION, METHOD FOR CANDIDATE MOTION INFORMATION LIST CONSTRUCTING, AND METHOD FOR VIDEO DECODING | July 2024 | February 2026 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18731736 | MODE-DEPENDENT JOINT COMPONENT TRANSFORM | June 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18679854 | DECODING DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF | May 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 16 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18666694 | L-TYPE PARTITIONING TREE | May 2024 | November 2025 | Allow | 18 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18649534 | IMAGE ENCODING/DECODING METHOD AND DEVICE USING PALETTE MODE, AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING BITSTREAM | April 2024 | October 2024 | Allow | 5 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18631336 | REGION MERGING AND CODING PARAMETER REUSE VIA MERGING | April 2024 | October 2025 | Allow | 18 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18628462 | METHOD FOR DECODING IMMERSIVE VIDEO AND METHOD FOR ENCODING IMMERSIVE VIDEO | April 2024 | July 2025 | Allow | 15 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18607618 | VEHICULAR REARVIEW MIRROR CONTROL SYSTEM | March 2024 | November 2024 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18587635 | ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD | February 2024 | December 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18432417 | Method and Apparatus of Luma-Chroma Separated Coding Tree Coding with Constraints | February 2024 | April 2025 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18425034 | CODING OF A SPATIAL SAMPLING OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION SIGNAL USING SUB-DIVISION | January 2024 | January 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18413610 | VIDEO OR IMAGE CODING BASED ON MAPPING OF LUMA SAMPLES AND SCALING OF CHROMA SAMPLES | January 2024 | October 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18392578 | Methods and Systems for Eye Illumination | December 2023 | August 2025 | Abandon | 20 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18572190 | INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREOF | December 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18533390 | Encoding Control Method and Apparatus, and Decoding Control Method and Apparatus | December 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 25 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18525275 | PARTITION-BASED INTRA-CODING CONCEPT | November 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18523696 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING OR DECODING VIDEO DATA WITH FRAME PORTIONS | November 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18523661 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING OR DECODING VIDEO DATA WITH FRAME PORTIONS | November 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18523670 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING OR DECODING VIDEO DATA WITH FRAME PORTIONS | November 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18523653 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING OR DECODING VIDEO DATA WITH FRAME PORTIONS | November 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18523687 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING OR DECODING VIDEO DATA WITH FRAME PORTIONS | November 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18518768 | SUBLAYER SIGNALING IN A VIDEO BITSTREAM | November 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 20 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18503393 | METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR MANAGING ENCODED IMAGE FRAMES IN A DATA BUFFER | November 2023 | January 2026 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18387817 | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR GEOMETRIC PARTITION MODE WITH MOTION VECTOR REFINEMENT | November 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18492704 | METHOD, DEVICE, AND RECORDING MEDIUM STORING BIT STREAM, FOR ENCODING/DECODING IMAGE | October 2023 | June 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18476592 | IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD, NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE | September 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18374290 | IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD, NON-TRANSITORY STORAGE MEDIUM AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE | September 2023 | November 2025 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18369553 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR VIDEO CODING USING INTRA SUB-PARTITIONS FOR CHROMA BLOCK | September 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18468882 | SEPARATE TREE CODING RESTRICTIONS | September 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18368756 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR VIDEO CODING USING ADAPTIVE ORDER OF INTRA SUB-PARTITIONS | September 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18368061 | BITSTREAM MERGING | September 2023 | November 2025 | Allow | 26 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 18281839 | MOTION FLOW CODING FOR DEEP LEARNING BASED YUV VIDEO COMPRESSION | September 2023 | November 2025 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18549865 | PROCESSING OF RESIDUALS IN VIDEO CODING | September 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18453453 | RESIDUAL CODING ON NON-DYADIC BLOCKS | August 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18448078 | ENCODING AND DECODING A PICTURE | August 2023 | July 2025 | Allow | 23 | 2 | 0 | Yes | Yes |
| 18447252 | INTRA-FRAME PREDICTIVE CODING METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR 360-DEGREE VIDEO AND MEDIUM | August 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 8 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18365830 | BOUNDARY BLOCK PARTITIONING IN VIDEO CODING | August 2023 | September 2024 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18227430 | METHODS OF REFERENCE PICTURE INDICATION FOR VIDEO CODING AND RELATED APPARATUSES | July 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 17 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18359798 | Coding Of A Spatial Sampling Of A Two-Dimensional Information Signal Using Sub-Division | July 2023 | November 2023 | Allow | 4 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18346685 | IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING METHOD USING BIDIRECTIONAL PREDICTION, AND IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING APPARATUS | July 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18346610 | IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING METHOD USING BIDIRECTIONAL PREDICTION, AND IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING APPARATUS | July 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18346697 | IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING METHOD USING BIDIRECTIONAL PREDICTION, AND IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING APPARATUS | July 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18346704 | IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING METHOD USING BIDIRECTIONAL PREDICTION, AND IMAGE ENCODING AND DECODING APPARATUS | July 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18345541 | INTER-PLANE PREDICTION | June 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18212020 | Cannula and Proximally Mounted Camera with an Imaging Control System for Rotating Images | June 2023 | February 2025 | Abandon | 20 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18210726 | REDUCING GRID ARTIFACTS IN VIDEO FRAMES | June 2023 | August 2025 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18323677 | BITSTREAM CONFORMANCE FOR INTRA BLOCK COPY | May 2023 | April 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18198170 | IMAGE ENCODING/DECODING METHOD AND DEVICE USING PALETTE MODE, AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING BITSTREAM | May 2023 | January 2024 | Allow | 8 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18316902 | SIGNALING IBC PREDICTOR CANDIDATE LIST SIZE | May 2023 | October 2024 | Allow | 17 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18310960 | Method and Apparatus of Luma-Chroma Separated Coding Tree Coding and Constraints | May 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18309934 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENCODING/DECODING IMAGE, AND RECORDING MEDIUM HAVING STORED BITSTREAM | May 2023 | June 2025 | Abandon | 25 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18139479 | VIDEO OR IMAGE CODING BASED ON MAPPING OF LUMA SAMPLES AND SCALING OF CHROMA SAMPLES | April 2023 | November 2023 | Allow | 6 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18305477 | VEHICULAR REARVIEW MIRROR CONTROL SYSTEM | April 2023 | November 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18122622 | VIDEO DECODING APPARATUS AND VIDEO DECODING METHOD | March 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 22 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 18119572 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTRA PREDICTION | March 2023 | October 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18174255 | SURGICAL INSTRUMENT TRACKING DEVICES AND RELATED METHODS | February 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 27 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18171596 | Constrained Prediction Mode for Video Coding | February 2023 | September 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18087916 | IR ILLUMINATION CONTROL FOR CAMERAS WITH MULTI-REGION ARRAY | December 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 30 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18010177 | SYSTEM AND COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR IMAGE DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE IN AN INSTALLATION ARRANGED TO PERFORM ANIMAL-RELATED ACTIONS, COMPUTER PROGRAM AND NON-VOLATILE DATA CARRIER | December 2022 | January 2026 | Allow | 37 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18076045 | SUBLAYER SIGNALING IN A VIDEO BITSTREAM | December 2022 | July 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18062335 | ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD | December 2022 | November 2023 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18075080 | NEAR INFRARED ILLUMINATION FOR SURGICAL PROCEDURE | December 2022 | April 2024 | Abandon | 16 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18071785 | Method, An Apparatus and a Computer Program Product for Video Encoding and Video Decoding | November 2022 | November 2025 | Abandon | 36 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18055303 | AVIAN DETECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS | November 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 30 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18053040 | Methods and Systems for Eye Illumination | November 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18052718 | CODING OF A SPATIAL SAMPLING OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION SIGNAL USING SUB-DIVISION | November 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18052616 | CODING OF A SPATIAL SAMPLING OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION SIGNAL USING SUBDIVISION | November 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18052491 | REGION MERGING AND CODING PARAMETER REUSE VIA MERGING | November 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 3 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18052520 | REGION MERGING AND CODING PARAMETER REUSE VIA MERGING | November 2022 | January 2024 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17968694 | Reduced Video Stream Resource Usage | October 2022 | January 2026 | Allow | 39 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17961028 | METHOD FOR DECODING IMMERSIVE VIDEO AND METHOD FOR ENCODING IMMERSIVE VIDEO | October 2022 | June 2024 | Abandon | 20 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17940986 | BLOCK VECTOR MODIFICATION FOR INTRA BLOCK COPY | September 2022 | March 2023 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17903634 | 2D ATLAS ADAPTIVE SAMPLING IN 3D MESH COMPRESSION | September 2022 | December 2023 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17822834 | VEHICULAR REARVIEW MIRROR CONTROL SYSTEM | August 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 5 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17895345 | DECODING DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF | August 2022 | February 2024 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17875407 | Fluorescence Imaging Scope With Dual Mode Focusing Structures | July 2022 | March 2024 | Abandon | 20 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17876317 | BOUNDARY BLOCK PARTITIONING IN VIDEO CODING | July 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17813555 | MULTIMODAL INTRAORAL SCANNING | July 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 34 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17865119 | ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD | July 2022 | November 2022 | Allow | 4 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17808933 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CROSS-COMPONENT ADAPTIVE LOOP FILTER | June 2022 | November 2023 | Allow | 16 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17840421 | CANDIDATE LIST SIZE FOR INTRA BLOCK COPY | June 2022 | April 2023 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17805771 | MOTORIZED FULL FIELD ADAPTIVE MICROSCOPE | June 2022 | January 2023 | Allow | 7 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17829548 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTRA PREDICTION | June 2022 | December 2022 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17777777 | METHOD FOR GENERATING AT LEAST ONE ENCODING RULE TO ENCODE AN IMAGE CAPTURED BY AN OPTICAL SENSOR, METHOD FOR ENCODING AN IMAGE CAPTURED BY AN OPTICAL SENSOR, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING UNIT | May 2022 | September 2025 | Allow | 40 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17723302 | GEOMETRY PARTITION MODE AND MERGE MODE WITH MOTION VECTOR DIFFERENCE SIGNALING | April 2022 | April 2024 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17719173 | Sub-Picture Track Level Indicator | April 2022 | January 2024 | Allow | 21 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17719192 | Constraints for Encapsulation And Adaptative Video Streaming | April 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 33 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 17719187 | Level Indicator For Sub-Picture Entity Group | April 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17714527 | Method and Apparatus for Hardware-Friendly Rate-Distortion Optimized Quantization in Video Coding | April 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 37 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17714463 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CODING VIDEO DATA | April 2022 | September 2025 | Abandon | 41 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17767007 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING AN INVERSE TRANSFORM ON TRANSFORM COEFFICIENTS OF A CURRENT BLOCK | April 2022 | February 2026 | Abandon | 47 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner RETALLICK, KAITLIN A.
With a 29.4% reversal rate, the PTAB affirms the examiner's rejections in the vast majority of cases. This reversal rate is below the USPTO average, indicating that appeals face more challenges here than typical.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 29.6% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is below the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal has limited effectiveness in prompting favorable reconsideration.
⚠ Appeals to PTAB face challenges. Ensure your case has strong merit before committing to full Board review.
⚠ Filing a Notice of Appeal shows limited benefit. Consider other strategies like interviews or amendments before appealing.
Examiner RETALLICK, KAITLIN A works in Art Unit 2482 and has examined 437 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 73.0%, this examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 32 months.
Examiner RETALLICK, KAITLIN A's allowance rate of 73.0% places them in the 37% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications.
On average, applications examined by RETALLICK, KAITLIN A receive 2.32 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 65% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues a slightly above-average number of office actions.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by RETALLICK, KAITLIN A is 32 months. This places the examiner in the 51% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly faster than average with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +12.4% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by RETALLICK, KAITLIN A. This interview benefit is in the 48% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide a below-average benefit with this examiner.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 16.0% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 12% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show lower effectiveness with this examiner compared to others. Consider whether a continuation application might be more strategic, especially if you need to add new matter or significantly broaden claims.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 38.8% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 59% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows above-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. If your amendments clearly overcome the rejections and do not raise new issues, consider filing after-final amendments before resorting to an RCE.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 0.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 8% percentile among all examiners. Note: Pre-appeal conferences show limited success with this examiner compared to others. While still worth considering, be prepared to proceed with a full appeal brief if the PAC does not result in favorable action.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 48.5% of appeals filed. This is in the 14% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 25.0% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner rarely withdraws rejections during the appeal process compared to other examiners. If you file an appeal, be prepared to fully prosecute it to a PTAB decision. Per MPEP § 1207, the examiner will prepare an Examiner's Answer maintaining the rejections.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 17.4% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 9% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions are rarely granted regarding this examiner's actions compared to other examiners. Ensure you have a strong procedural basis before filing a petition, as the Technology Center Director typically upholds this examiner's decisions.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 16% percentile). This examiner rarely makes examiner's amendments compared to other examiners. You should expect to make all necessary claim amendments yourself through formal amendment practice.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 21% percentile). This examiner rarely issues Quayle actions compared to other examiners. Allowances typically come directly without a separate action for formal matters.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.