USPTO Examiner NGUYEN LIEM HONG - Art Unit 2416

Recent Applications

Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.

Application NumberTitleFiling DateDisposal DateDispositionTime (months)Office ActionsRestrictionsInterviewAppeal
18756985OPTIMIZATION OF A MULTIPLE-INPUT SYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER NETWORKJune 2024August 2025Allow1310YesNo
18673252Apparatus for Sharing Network Device Connection DataMay 2024January 2025Allow800YesNo
18658356METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTRA-UE PRIORITIZATION CONSIDERING UL GRANT RECEIVED IN RANDOM ACCESS RESPONSEMay 2024May 2025Allow1210YesNo
18655338METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR COMBINING RECEIVED UPLINK TRANSMISSIONSMay 2024December 2024Allow800YesNo
18591398TRANSMITTING METHOD, RECEIVING METHOD, TRANSMITTING APPARATUS, AND RECEIVING APPARATUSFebruary 2024November 2024Allow900YesNo
18406019PARAMETER COMBINATION FOR COHERENT JOINT TRANSMISSIONJanuary 2024February 2026Allow2500NoNo
18509993RANDOM ACCESS RESPONSE MAPPING FOR TWO-STEP RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL PROCEDURENovember 2023August 2024Allow910NoNo
18388322METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL TRANSMISSIONNovember 2023March 2026Allow2830NoNo
18504794METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR POWER MANAGEMENT BASED ON FULL RF CONDITIONSNovember 2023November 2024Allow1220YesNo
18550362METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DEFINING ENTIRE PROFILE SUB-FIELD IN ML ELEMENT FOR ML RECONFIGURATION IN WIRELESS LAN SYSTEMSeptember 2023February 2026Allow2910NoNo
18457353SATELLITE NETWORK CODE CACHING METHOD BASED ON NDN (NAMED DATA NETWORKING)August 2023September 2025Allow2500YesNo
18352647METHOD OF TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING DATA CHANNEL FOR NEW RADIO AND APPARATUS USING THE SAMEJuly 2023November 2024Abandon1610NoNo
18328274METHOD AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE TO TRANSMIT CAPABILITY FOR DUAL SIM DUAL ACTIVE DEVICE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKJune 2023August 2025Allow2600NoNo
18328333REPORTING OF INFORMATION RELATED TO SOUNDING REFERENCE SIGNALS (SRS) TIMING ADJUSTMENTSJune 2023August 2024Allow1510NoNo
18255406POSITION DETERMINATION METHOD, APPARATUS AND V2X DEVICEJune 2023September 2025Allow2800YesNo
18318631RACH OPTIMIZATION FOR NB-IOT NTN GSOMay 2023August 2025Allow2700YesNo
18144562QUALITY OF SERVICE INFORMATION NOTIFICATION TO USER EQUIPMENT, USERS, AND APPLICATION SERVERMay 2023May 2024Allow1200YesNo
18304991METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SECURE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONApril 2023March 2024Allow1100YesNo
18249798DECODING CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION REPORT PART TWOApril 2023June 2025Allow2600NoNo
18029090DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD AND APPARATUS, TERMINAL, NETWORK DEVICE AND MEDIUMMarch 2023October 2025Allow3110NoNo
18190523DYNAMIC CELLULAR CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN THE HYPERVISORS AND VIRTUAL MACHINESMarch 2023October 2023Allow700YesNo
18246272UPLINK TRANSMISSION FAILUREMarch 2023October 2025Allow3110YesNo
18178743TRANSPORTING VENDOR-SPECIFIC APPLICATION PROTOCOLMarch 2023February 2026Allow3510NoNo
18017434METHOD PERFORMED BY USER EQUIPMENT, USER EQUIPMENT, AND BASE STATION TO DETERMINE HARQ-ACK CODEBOOKS FOR SIDELINK AND DOWNLINK TRANSMISSIONSJanuary 2023August 2025Allow3010NoNo
18014633METHOD FOR DETERMINING WHETHER TO PERFORM CHANNEL ACCESS PROCEDURE, AND DEVICE THEREFORJanuary 2023September 2025Allow3210YesNo
18093522TRANSMITTING METHOD, RECEIVING METHOD, TRANSMITTING APPARATUS, AND RECEIVING APPARATUSJanuary 2023December 2023Allow1110NoNo
18092182INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD BASED ON NETWORK SLIDE IDENTITY INFORMATION IN ACCESS PROCEDURE, AND TERMINAL DEVICEDecember 2022July 2025Allow3010YesNo
18089259INFORMATION TRANSMISSION METHOD AND APPARATUS, AND DEVICE AND STORAGE MEDIUMDecember 2022March 2025Allow2700YesNo
18069132SECURITY HANDLING FOR UE COOPERATION FEATUREDecember 2022February 2026Abandon3810NoNo
18061390ALIGNING TIME DURATIONS FOR SIGNALING AND MEASUREMENTDecember 2022March 2026Allow3920NoNo
17997691METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SWITCHING BANDWIDTH PART DURING RANDOM ACCESS PROCEDURE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMNovember 2022June 2025Allow3110NoNo
18051068SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OVER-THE-AIR UPDATE SCHEDULING OF SMART DEVICES BASED ON SIGNAL QUALITY AND DEVICE AVAILABILITY METRICSOctober 2022July 2024Allow2000YesNo
17919523SERVICE TRANSMISSION METHOD, COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND STORAGE MEDIUMOctober 2022September 2025Abandon3510NoNo
17918710WIRELESS TERMINAL, METHOD FOR CONNECTING WIRELESS TERMINAL AND PROGRAM FOR CONTROLLING CONNECTIONOctober 2022December 2025Abandon3820YesNo
17917495TRANSMISSION POWER ADJUSTMENT FOR STR OPERATIONOctober 2022November 2025Abandon3720NoNo
17917470SELECTION OF A RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR COMMUNICATING DATA BETWEEN NETWORK DEVICESOctober 2022October 2025Abandon3710NoNo
17995218METHOD FOR SYNCHRONISING DATA OF A DATABASE, COMPUTER PROGRAMME, DEVICE FOR PROCESSING DATA, AND MOBILE TERMINAL THEREFORSeptember 2022June 2025Abandon3210NoNo
17915772PUSCH MULTIPLE TRP RELIABILITY WITH UL TCI INDICATIONSeptember 2022August 2025Allow3410NoNo
17942016DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND STORAGE MEDIUMSeptember 2022May 2025Allow3320NoNo
17798753METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING OPERATION OF USER DEVICEAugust 2022January 2025Allow2900YesNo
17798287RADIO LINK FAILURE REPORTING FOR MASTER CELL GROUP DURING SECONDARY CELL GROUP SUSPENSIONAugust 2022June 2025Allow3410NoNo
17759795CONTROL RESOURCE SET PRECODING INDICATIONJuly 2022July 2025Allow3620YesNo
17796171DYNAMIC APERIODIC SRS SLOT OFFSET INDICATIONJuly 2022October 2025Allow3840YesNo
17793584USER EQUIPMENTS, BASE STATIONS, AND METHODSJuly 2022June 2025Abandon3520NoNo
17793212METHOD AND APPARATUS OF GROUP-BASED RESOURCE ALLOCATIONJuly 2022July 2025Allow3610YesNo
17866318Message Queue Configuration to Separate Processing Paths for Control Messages and Data MessagesJuly 2022October 2024Allow2700NoNo
17862630CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION CODEBOOK PARAMETER CONFIGURATION FOR DYNAMIC ANTENNA PORT ADAPTATIONJuly 2022February 2026Allow4330NoNo
17854810METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING SELF-INTERFERENCE CHANNEL IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMJune 2022June 2025Allow3510NoNo
17851714METHOD FOR CONNECTING UE TO DNN IN PUBLIC NETWORK INTEGRATED NPN AND A USER EQUIPMENTJune 2022September 2024Allow2700YesNo
17840053COMMUNICATION DEVICE, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUMJune 2022February 2025Allow3210NoNo
17836688OPTIMIZATION OF A MULTIPLE-INPUT SYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER NETWORKJune 2022March 2024Allow2100YesNo
17756430FAST CONNECTION RELEASE AFTER PAGING RESPONSEMay 2022March 2025Allow3320YesNo
17737791SESSION ESTABLISHMENT METHOD, DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD, AND RELATED APPARATUSMay 2022February 2025Allow3310NoNo
17730636RESOURCE TRANSMISSION METHOD AND TERMINAL DEVICEApril 2022January 2025Allow3320YesNo
17725670USER PLANE CONGESTION CONTROL SERVICEApril 2022November 2025Allow4330YesNo
17713451SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR NETWORK BASED GEOGRAPHIC ANCHOR SELECTIONApril 2022February 2025Allow3510NoNo
17765730MAPPING BETWEEN LOGICAL CHANNELS AND CONFIGURED GRANT (CG) CONFIGURATIONSMarch 2022November 2024Allow3210NoNo
17687711WI-FI FREQUENCY ADJUSTMENT FOR SPUR MITIGATIONMarch 2022August 2024Allow3000YesNo
17685862METHOD AND USER EQUIPMENT FOR MANAGEMENT OF MBS DATA RECEPTIONMarch 2022September 2024Allow3100YesNo
17677922ENHANCEMENTS ON SIGNALING OF TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL (TRS) CONFIGURATION UPDATE FOR IDLE MODE OR INACTIVE MODE USER EQUIPMENT (UE)February 2022March 2025Abandon3610NoNo
17635212TERMINAL FOR MULTIBEAM CONTROLFebruary 2022July 2025Allow4140NoNo
17635264TERMINAL AND RADIO COMMUNICATION METHODFebruary 2022April 2025Allow3830YesNo
17635282METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING HARQ RESPONSES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SUPPORTING SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONFebruary 2022July 2025Allow4130NoNo
17635277TERMINAL WITH INDEPENDENTLY CONTROLLED RECEIVE BEAMSFebruary 2022November 2025Allow4540YesNo
17634128DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING CONDITIONAL HANDOVER IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMFebruary 2022July 2024Allow3000YesNo
17633704ASSESSING OPERATING CONDITIONS OF A RECEIVER IN A COMMUNICATION NETWORK BASED ON FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION DECODING PROPERTIESFebruary 2022November 2024Allow3320NoNo
17629042CONTROL DEVICE, AND CONTROL METHODJanuary 2022November 2024Allow3300YesNo
17550936RELIABILITY ENHANCEMENTS FOR MULTI-ACCESS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTDecember 2021February 2025Allow3800YesNo
17613849AVOIDING JITTER IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEMNovember 2021July 2024Allow3200YesNo
17612974LOW POWER IDLE PHY LINK SYNCHRONIZATIONNovember 2021December 2024Allow3720YesNo
17525895ENABLING HARDWARE SWITCHES TO PERFORM LOGICAL ROUTING FUNCTIONALITIESNovember 2021September 2023Allow2210YesNo
17454096MACHINE LEARNING MODEL SHARING BETWEEN WIRELESS NODESNovember 2021October 2024Allow3520YesNo
17454156FAST ANTENNA SWITCHED DIVERSITYNovember 2021September 2025Allow4640YesNo
17606834AVIONICS NETWORK HAVING SYNCHRONIZATION DOMAINS, AND METHOD FOR SYNCHRONIZING NETWORK SUBSCRIBERS IN AN AVIONICS NETWORKOctober 2021April 2024Allow3030NoNo
17494267METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SECURE PASSIVE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WITH BLUETOOTH VITALS DEVICESOctober 2021February 2023Allow1710YesNo
17449234ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED ENHANCEMENTS FOR IDLE AND INACTIVE STATE OPERATIONSSeptember 2021November 2024Allow3720YesNo
17473796DETERMINING QoE REQUIREMENTS FOR 5G NETWORKS OR HYBRID 5G NETWORKSSeptember 2021April 2024Allow3110YesNo
17393778TECHNIQUES FOR SECONDARY CELL ESTABLISHMENT FOR UPLINK CONTROL INFORMATIONAugust 2021July 2024Allow3520NoNo
17388526DYNAMICALLY ADJUSTING A NETWORK INACTIVITY TIMER DURING USER ENDPOINT MOBILITY STATESJuly 2021October 2023Abandon2610NoNo
17426200A Central Unit (CU), A Distributed Unit (DU) and Methods Therein for Forwarding of Data in an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) NetworkJuly 2021June 2024Allow3520YesNo
17426271Handling of Measurement Configuration Upon Conditional Mobility ExecutionJuly 2021April 2024Allow3220YesNo
17374957Network Connection Method and Related ProductJuly 2021July 2024Allow3610YesNo
17370997SIDELINK PRIORITIZATIONJuly 2021April 2024Allow3330YesNo
17305489ASSISTANCE INFORMATION FOR FULL-DUPLEX RELAY USER EQUIPMENT SELECTIONJuly 2021September 2023Allow2620YesNo
17369578AUTONOMOUS UPLINK CANCELLATIONJuly 2021June 2023Allow2310NoNo
17369724CONNECTED MODE BEAM MANAGEMENT FOR NARROWBAND SYSTEMSJuly 2021November 2023Allow2820NoNo
17364070REGULATION METHOD INTENDED FOR REDUCING CONGESTION ON A MESH POWERLINE COMMUNICATION NETWORKJune 2021August 2023Allow2600YesNo
17351196HANDLING OF ABSENCE OF INTERFERENCE FOR CROSS-LINK INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTJune 2021June 2023Allow2310YesNo
17344163MEDIA PACKET FORWARDING METHOD, FORWARDING SERVER, AND STORAGE MEDIUMJune 2021September 2023Allow2710YesNo
17303827HYBRID AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST FEEDBACK WITH MULTIPLE UPLINK CHANNELSJune 2021March 2024Allow3330YesNo
17342005METHOD OF REPORTING RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH ON PER FRAME BASIS IN WI-FI NETWORKJune 2021March 2024Allow3340YesNo
17299088A Scalable Method for Obtaining UE-Specific CSIJune 2021August 2024Allow3930NoNo
17303394PHYSICAL UPLINK CONTROL CHANNEL REPETITION ACROSS SLOT TYPESMay 2021October 2023Allow2930YesNo
17331214REDUNDANCY VERSION CONFIGURATION FOR URLLC DCI FORMATMay 2021January 2024Allow3130NoNo
17324305METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRIORITIZING LTE CELLS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SUPPORTING ENDC (E-UTRAN NR DUAL CONNECTIVITY)May 2021October 2023Allow2930YesNo
17303045OPTIMIZATION OF CHANNEL QUALITY INDICATOR (CQI) FEEDBACK FOR MULTIPLE COMPONENT CARRIERSMay 2021September 2023Allow2820YesNo
17317784USER EQUIPMENT (UE) MEASUREMENT GAP REQUEST AND RELEASE FOR POWER SAVINGS AND MULTIPLE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE (MSIM) MEASUREMENTSMay 2021January 2025Allow4460YesNo
17302335RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION FOR UPLINK SCHEDULED TRANSMISSION AFTER CANCELLATION INDICATION RECEIPTApril 2021February 2024Allow3440YesNo
17229588CHANGING A TIME SENSITIVE NETWORKING SCHEDULE IMPLEMENTED BY A SOFTSWITCHApril 2021November 2023Abandon3120YesNo
17284281FIRST NETWORK NODE, THIRD NETWORK NODE, AND METHODS PERFORMED THEREBY HANDLING A MAINTENANCE OF A SECOND NETWORK NODEApril 2021November 2023Abandon3110NoNo

Appeals Overview

This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner NGUYEN, LIEM HONG.

Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) Decisions

Total PTAB Decisions
5
Examiner Affirmed
2
(40.0%)
Examiner Reversed
3
(60.0%)
Reversal Percentile
83.4%
Higher than average

What This Means

With a 60.0% reversal rate, the PTAB has reversed the examiner's rejections more often than affirming them. This reversal rate is in the top 25% across the USPTO, indicating that appeals are more successful here than in most other areas.

Strategic Value of Filing an Appeal

Total Appeal Filings
11
Allowed After Appeal Filing
5
(45.5%)
Not Allowed After Appeal Filing
6
(54.5%)
Filing Benefit Percentile
73.9%
Higher than average

Understanding Appeal Filing Strategy

Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.

In this dataset, 45.5% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is above the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal can be an effective strategy for prompting reconsideration.

Strategic Recommendations

✓ Appeals to PTAB show good success rates. If you have a strong case on the merits, consider fully prosecuting the appeal to a Board decision.

✓ Filing a Notice of Appeal is strategically valuable. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.

Examiner NGUYEN, LIEM HONG - Prosecution Strategy Guide

Executive Summary

Examiner NGUYEN, LIEM HONG works in Art Unit 2416 and has examined 180 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 70.0%, this examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 33 months.

Allowance Patterns

Examiner NGUYEN, LIEM HONG's allowance rate of 70.0% places them in the 32% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications.

Office Action Patterns

On average, applications examined by NGUYEN, LIEM HONG receive 2.87 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 83% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues more office actions than most examiners, which may indicate thorough examination or difficulty in reaching agreement with applicants.

Prosecution Timeline

The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by NGUYEN, LIEM HONG is 33 months. This places the examiner in the 47% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly slower than average with this examiner.

Interview Effectiveness

Conducting an examiner interview provides a +35.0% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by NGUYEN, LIEM HONG. This interview benefit is in the 83% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews are highly effective with this examiner and should be strongly considered as a prosecution strategy. Per MPEP § 713.10, interviews are available at any time before the Notice of Allowance is mailed or jurisdiction transfers to the PTAB.

Request for Continued Examination (RCE) Effectiveness

When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 28.3% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 51% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. Consider whether your amendments or new arguments are strong enough to warrant an RCE versus filing a continuation.

After-Final Amendment Practice

This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 8.8% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 9% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner rarely enters after-final amendments compared to other examiners. You should generally plan to file an RCE or appeal rather than relying on after-final amendment entry. Per MPEP § 714.12, primary examiners have discretion in entering after-final amendments, and this examiner exercises that discretion conservatively.

Pre-Appeal Conference Effectiveness

When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 160.0% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 91% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: Pre-appeal conferences are highly effective with this examiner compared to others. Before filing a full appeal brief, strongly consider requesting a PAC. The PAC provides an opportunity for the examiner and supervisory personnel to reconsider the rejection before the case proceeds to the PTAB.

Appeal Withdrawal and Reconsideration

This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 66.7% of appeals filed. This is in the 48% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 40.0% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner shows below-average willingness to reconsider rejections during appeals. Be prepared to fully prosecute appeals if filed.

Petition Practice

When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 83.3% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 86% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions are frequently granted regarding this examiner's actions compared to other examiners. Per MPEP § 1002.02(c), various examiner actions are petitionable to the Technology Center Director, including prematureness of final rejection, refusal to enter amendments, and requirement for information. If you believe an examiner action is improper, consider filing a petition.

Examiner Cooperation and Flexibility

Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 14% percentile). This examiner rarely makes examiner's amendments compared to other examiners. You should expect to make all necessary claim amendments yourself through formal amendment practice.

Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 16% percentile). This examiner rarely issues Quayle actions compared to other examiners. Allowances typically come directly without a separate action for formal matters.

Prosecution Strategy Recommendations

Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:

  • Expect multiple rounds of prosecution: This examiner issues more office actions than average. Address potential issues proactively in your initial response and consider requesting an interview early in prosecution.
  • Prioritize examiner interviews: Interviews are highly effective with this examiner. Request an interview after the first office action to clarify issues and potentially expedite allowance.
  • Plan for RCE after final rejection: This examiner rarely enters after-final amendments. Budget for an RCE in your prosecution strategy if you receive a final rejection.
  • Request pre-appeal conferences: PACs are highly effective with this examiner. Before filing a full appeal brief, request a PAC to potentially resolve issues without full PTAB review.

Relevant MPEP Sections for Prosecution Strategy

  • MPEP § 713.10: Examiner interviews - available before Notice of Allowance or transfer to PTAB
  • MPEP § 714.12: After-final amendments - may be entered "under justifiable circumstances"
  • MPEP § 1002.02(c): Petitionable matters to Technology Center Director
  • MPEP § 1004: Actions requiring primary examiner signature (allowances, final rejections, examiner's answers)
  • MPEP § 1207.01: Appeal conferences - mandatory for all appeals
  • MPEP § 1214.07: Reopening prosecution after appeal

Important Disclaimer

Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.

No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.

Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.

Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.