Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18763934 | MULTILAYER DENTAL APPLIANCES AND RELATED METHODS AND SYSTEMS | July 2024 | December 2024 | Allow | 5 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 18645864 | INJECTION MOLDING METHOD AND MOLD | April 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18388768 | CAUL PLATES FOR PREFORMS THAT UNDERGO PICK AND PLACEMENT | November 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 7 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18559960 | Nafion Self-Bonding for Cost-Effective Rapid Assembly of a Thin Flexible Fuel Cell by a Template-Based Thermal Sealing Process | November 2023 | March 2026 | Abandon | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18503708 | APPARATUS, METHOD AND SYSTEM TO TEMPORARILY HOLD A WORKPIECE DURING MANUFACTURING USING ADHESIVE ATTACHMENT | November 2023 | June 2024 | Allow | 7 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18494932 | METHODS OF MAKING LAMINATES FOR ABSORBENT ARTICLES | October 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18553763 | CERAMIC PLATE WITH COLORFUL FLOWING CLOUD SURFACE DECORATION EFFECT AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF | October 2023 | May 2025 | Allow | 20 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18466157 | Composite Repair | September 2023 | December 2025 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18464363 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING POROUS ARTICLES | September 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18230420 | CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME | August 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18359565 | HIGH-ELONGATION META-ARAMID FIBER, PREPARATION METHOD AND APPARATUS | July 2023 | October 2025 | Allow | 27 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18257241 | Arrayed Structured Replication Articles and Methods | June 2023 | January 2025 | Allow | 19 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18192233 | INJECTION MOLDING METHOD AND MOLD | March 2023 | December 2023 | Allow | 9 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18127358 | APPARATUS WITH A THERMOPLASTIC TUBE TO TUBE-SHEET JOINT AND ASSOCIATED FRICTION STIR BASED FABRICATION METHOD | March 2023 | March 2026 | Allow | 35 | 6 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18187642 | HEMP-BASED BUILDING MATERIAL METHOD | March 2023 | August 2024 | Abandon | 17 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 18111754 | METHODS OF PREPARING A WORKPIECE FOR LASER BONDING | February 2023 | September 2025 | Abandon | 31 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18108765 | POLYVINYL ACETAL RESIN FILM | February 2023 | February 2025 | Abandon | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18166926 | Processing of Composites with Partial Plies | February 2023 | March 2026 | Allow | 37 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18164311 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SURFACE FINISHING OF ARTICLES PRODUCED BY 3D PRINTING | February 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 19 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18105263 | PROTECTOR STICKING ASSIST DEVICE FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT | February 2023 | October 2025 | Abandon | 33 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18100709 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING GLASS WINDOW, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE HAVING THE SAME | January 2023 | February 2026 | Allow | 37 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18155661 | METHOD FOR ATTACHING ADHESIVE TO SHOE SOLE | January 2023 | September 2025 | Abandon | 32 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18065270 | MICRO DEVICE TRANSFER HEAD ASSEMBLY | December 2022 | February 2025 | Abandon | 26 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17984589 | MULTI-STAGE CONSOLIDATION PROCESS FOR CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE PREPREG MATERIAL | November 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17920930 | HEAT SEAL DEVICE | October 2022 | March 2025 | Allow | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17915042 | HIGH-FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC HEATING ADHESIVE SHEET | September 2022 | August 2025 | Abandon | 34 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17949613 | ADHESIVE TAPE | September 2022 | July 2025 | Abandon | 34 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17945506 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING LIGHT TO CURE ADHESIVES | September 2022 | December 2024 | Abandon | 27 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17897440 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HOLLOW ARTICLES MADE OF INJECTION MOULDED PLASTIC MATERIAL | August 2022 | November 2023 | Allow | 15 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17799568 | Fully automatic mask production line | August 2022 | June 2025 | Abandon | 34 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17864466 | APPARATUS FOR MAKING CONTAINERS WHICH COMPRISE A SUPPORTING SKELETON AND A LAYER OF THERMOFORMABLE MATERIAL COUPLED TO THE SUPPORTING SKELETON | July 2022 | November 2024 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17786660 | DOUBLE BELT PRESS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE PRESSING DEVICE | June 2022 | October 2024 | Allow | 28 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17833676 | SUBSTRATE-FASTENING DEVICE AND SUBSTRATE-ASSEMBLING STRUCTURE USING SAME | June 2022 | December 2025 | Allow | 43 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17831893 | MEDICAL BALLOON CATHETERS WITH ENHANCED PUSHABILITY | June 2022 | July 2025 | Abandon | 37 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17777330 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE BLADE FOR AN AIRCRAFT ENGINE | May 2022 | September 2025 | Allow | 40 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17734491 | METHODS OF FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE REPAIR PARTS AND RELATED KITS | May 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 32 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17771696 | COOLING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURE | April 2022 | February 2025 | Abandon | 33 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17723160 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF PROCESSED RESIN SUBSTRATE AND LASER PROCESSING APPARATUS | April 2022 | July 2025 | Abandon | 39 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17720732 | APPARATUS, METHOD AND SYSTEM TO TEMPORARILY HOLD A WORKPIECE DURING MANUFACTURING USING ADHESIVE ATTACHMENT | April 2022 | July 2023 | Allow | 15 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17766721 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING A SUBSTRATE INTO A NIP | April 2022 | December 2025 | Abandon | 44 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17712237 | SYSTEM FOR JOINING THERMOPLASTIC WORKPIECES BY LASER TRANSMISSION WELDING | April 2022 | March 2026 | Abandon | 47 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 17762280 | FIBER-REINFORCED RESIN SHEET, STACKED BODY OF SAME, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FIBER-REINFORCED RESIN MOLDED ARTICLE | March 2022 | December 2024 | Abandon | 33 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17696580 | SPINNERET ASSEMBLY FOR SPINNING POLYMERIC FIBERS | March 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 18 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17666647 | FEEDBACK SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTING AND CONTROLLING INFRARED HEATING OF PARTS | February 2022 | March 2023 | Allow | 13 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17633626 | MULTILAYER STRUCTURE MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR BONDING LAYERS WITH ADHESIVE FILM(S) | February 2022 | November 2025 | Abandon | 45 | 4 | 1 | No | No |
| 17592192 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING RESIN-FRAMED GLASS PLATE | February 2022 | February 2026 | Abandon | 48 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17628846 | MOISTURE-CURABLE ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS | January 2022 | August 2024 | Abandon | 30 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17628751 | LINER STRUCTURE AND BLOW-MOLDING MANUFACTURING METHOD FORLINER STRUCTURE | January 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 36 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17519677 | HOLLOW BODY FORMING MOLD AND HOLLOW BODY FORMING METHOD | November 2021 | June 2024 | Allow | 31 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17510276 | MULTILAYER DENTAL APPLIANCES AND RELATED METHODS AND SYSTEMS | October 2021 | March 2024 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17507168 | MOLD POSITIONING DEVICE | October 2021 | October 2023 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17501340 | MATERIAL INTERLOCKING | October 2021 | March 2024 | Allow | 29 | 0 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17447476 | EXTRUSION MOLDING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MOLDED BODY | September 2021 | May 2024 | Allow | 32 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17382753 | MANUFACTURING METHOD AND INJECTION MOLDING SYSTEM | July 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 38 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17368929 | METHODS OF MAKING LAMINATES FOR ABSORBENT ARTICLES | July 2021 | October 2023 | Allow | 27 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17311126 | MACHINE FOR DRY DECORATION OF TILES | June 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 39 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17298356 | Endoscopes With Improved Compatibility To Oxidative Processings And Methods For Manufacturing And Repairing The Same | May 2021 | February 2025 | Abandon | 44 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17307432 | POWDERY-MATERIAL MIXING DEGREE MEASUREMENT DEVICE AND COMPRESSION MOLDING SYSTEM | May 2021 | September 2025 | Allow | 53 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17245448 | Method of moulding and mould tool | April 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17226984 | ADAPTION OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES WITHIN A RESIN SUBSTRATE OF A TEXTILE ARTICLE | April 2021 | January 2024 | Abandon | 33 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17214487 | MULTILAYER DENTAL APPLIANCES AND RELATED METHODS AND SYSTEMS | March 2021 | June 2021 | Allow | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 17249749 | METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING ACCESS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES IN UTILITY PIPING | March 2021 | March 2025 | Abandon | 49 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17274381 | MACHINE AND METHOD FOR COMPACTING A POWDER MATERIAL | March 2021 | December 2023 | Abandon | 33 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17189374 | METHOD FOR FORMING A CONNECTION BETWEEN BATTERY CELLS, AND BATTERY MODULE | March 2021 | October 2024 | Allow | 43 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17269468 | DOUBLE-WALL CONTAINER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DOUBLE-WALL CONTAINER, AND INVERSION DEVICE | February 2021 | September 2025 | Allow | 55 | 5 | 1 | No | No |
| 17266983 | METHOD FOR RECLAIMING THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS INTENDED FOR RECYCLING | February 2021 | June 2023 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17165069 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPED ARTICLE PRODUCTION METHOD | February 2021 | June 2024 | Allow | 40 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17263249 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MASS DECORATION OF CERAMIC PRODUCTS | January 2021 | March 2024 | Allow | 38 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17151814 | DEVICE AND PROCESS TO PERMIT MONOAXIAL CHANGES IN THE LENGTH OF FILM WEBS | January 2021 | April 2025 | Allow | 51 | 5 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17144230 | HELICALLY WOUND PIPE AND RELATED METHOD | January 2021 | September 2023 | Abandon | 33 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17136390 | METHODS FOR PRODUCING CERAMIC MOLDED BODY AND CERAMIC STRUCTURE | December 2020 | March 2022 | Allow | 14 | 3 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17125401 | COMPOSITE GLASS PANE WITH A BORDER SEAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME | December 2020 | April 2024 | Allow | 40 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17251952 | AUTOMATIC MACHINE FOR COATING PANELS WITH LEATHER OR FABRICS | December 2020 | April 2023 | Abandon | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17251988 | METHOD FOR JOINING TOGETHER TWO PROTECTIVE MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE GARMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICLE MADE USING THIS METHOD | December 2020 | March 2025 | Allow | 51 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17251648 | METHOD AND PLANT FOR MANUFACTURING CERAMIC PRODUCTS | December 2020 | November 2024 | Allow | 47 | 3 | 1 | No | No |
| 15734716 | DISCHARGE CHUTE FOR A TABLET MACHINE AND A METHOD FOR SORTING PELLETS AFTER THEY HAVE BEEN PRODUCED IN A TABLET MACHINE | December 2020 | October 2024 | Abandon | 46 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 16950802 | FIXTURELESS ROBOTIC ASSEMBLY | November 2020 | March 2025 | Allow | 52 | 4 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17099873 | MECHANICAL ARM MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT CAPABLE OF REALIZING CONSISTENCE BETWEEN A WHOLE-BODY TEXTURE AND A SURFACE DECORATION PATTERN OF CERAMIC TILE AND CONTROL METHOD FOR MECHANICAL ARM MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERN ADJUSTMENT | November 2020 | January 2023 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17050207 | Vehicular Light-Weight Laminated Glass Plate Production Method | October 2020 | June 2023 | Abandon | 32 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17078916 | ULTRASONIC WELDING MOLD FOR MASK MACHINE CAPABLE OF QUICKLY CHANGING CUSTOMIZED PATTERNS | October 2020 | August 2023 | Abandon | 34 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17069212 | MICROWAVE ENHANCED CONCRETE PULTRUSION | October 2020 | May 2024 | Abandon | 44 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17046828 | BIAXIALLY ORIENTED TUBULAR BLOWN FILM STRETCHING MACHINE BY ISOSTATIC PRESSURIZED WATER | October 2020 | October 2022 | Abandon | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17026531 | BICYCLE TIRE REPAIR DEVICE | September 2020 | August 2023 | Abandon | 34 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17018423 | GLASS ARTICLE, METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND LASER WELDING EQUIPEMNT | September 2020 | September 2023 | Abandon | 36 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17003343 | FORMWORK ASSEMBLY | August 2020 | July 2024 | Abandon | 46 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16966766 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF CONTINUOUS SHEET FOR CIRCUIT BOARD PRODUCTION AND CONTINUOUS SHEET FOR CIRCUIT BOARD PRODUCTION MANUFACTURED THEREFROM | July 2020 | October 2024 | Allow | 50 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 16964342 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING WOOD FIBERBOARDS | July 2020 | February 2024 | Allow | 42 | 4 | 0 | No | No |
| 16924807 | DOUBLE INJECTION MOLDING SYSTEM THAT CAN AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCE VEHICLE INJECTION-MOLDED PARTS FOUR AT A TIME CONTINUOUSLY | July 2020 | June 2022 | Allow | 24 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16908812 | PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF SEVERAL COMPONENTS | June 2020 | June 2021 | Allow | 11 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 16897816 | MOLDING SYSTEM FOR PREPARING INJECTION-MOLDED ARTICLE | June 2020 | November 2020 | Allow | 5 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16769032 | INJECTION-COMPRESSION MOLDING DEVICE | June 2020 | October 2022 | Allow | 29 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 16848986 | DENTAL DIVESTMENT METHOD AND MUFFLE | April 2020 | March 2024 | Abandon | 47 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 16755929 | PRODUCTION OF A LAYERED SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT FOR USE IN TIRE PRODUCTION | April 2020 | June 2023 | Allow | 38 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 16754933 | SPINNING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SPINNING UP A SPINNING DEVICE | April 2020 | July 2023 | Allow | 39 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 16837619 | Method for manufacturing a plastic stemmed glass | April 2020 | January 2023 | Abandon | 34 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 16818167 | SCROLLS THAT VACUUM SECURE OBJECTS TO COMPLEX SURFACES | March 2020 | March 2024 | Allow | 48 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 16809386 | MICRO DEVICE TRANSFER HEAD ASSEMBLY | March 2020 | September 2022 | Allow | 30 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 16806045 | Pneumatic Plug System And Method | March 2020 | April 2024 | Abandon | 49 | 5 | 1 | No | No |
| 16798504 | Drum Brake Camshaft Formed With Engineered Core | February 2020 | November 2023 | Allow | 45 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 16790409 | CAUL PLATES FOR PREFORMS THAT UNDERGO PICK AND PLACEMENT | February 2020 | September 2023 | Allow | 43 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner BEHA, CAROLINE.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 33.3% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is above the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal can be an effective strategy for prompting reconsideration.
✓ Filing a Notice of Appeal is strategically valuable. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.
Examiner BEHA, CAROLINE works in Art Unit 1748 and has examined 205 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 57.1%, this examiner allows applications at a lower rate than most examiners at the USPTO. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 41 months.
Examiner BEHA, CAROLINE's allowance rate of 57.1% places them in the 17% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner is less likely to allow applications than most examiners at the USPTO.
On average, applications examined by BEHA, CAROLINE receive 2.58 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 75% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues more office actions than most examiners, which may indicate thorough examination or difficulty in reaching agreement with applicants.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by BEHA, CAROLINE is 41 months. This places the examiner in the 20% percentile for prosecution speed. Applications take longer to reach final disposition with this examiner compared to most others.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +31.6% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by BEHA, CAROLINE. This interview benefit is in the 79% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews are highly effective with this examiner and should be strongly considered as a prosecution strategy. Per MPEP § 713.10, interviews are available at any time before the Notice of Allowance is mailed or jurisdiction transfers to the PTAB.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 27.6% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 48% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show below-average effectiveness with this examiner. Carefully evaluate whether an RCE or continuation is the better strategy.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 29.4% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 42% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner shows below-average receptiveness to after-final amendments. You may need to file an RCE or appeal rather than relying on after-final amendment entry.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 100.0% of appeals filed. This is in the 88% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 66.7% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner frequently reconsiders rejections during the appeal process compared to other examiners. Per MPEP § 1207.01, all appeals must go through a mandatory appeal conference. Filing a Notice of Appeal may prompt favorable reconsideration even before you file an Appeal Brief.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 44.4% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 37% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions show below-average success regarding this examiner's actions. Ensure you have a strong procedural basis before filing.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 6% percentile). This examiner rarely makes examiner's amendments compared to other examiners. You should expect to make all necessary claim amendments yourself through formal amendment practice.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 0.0% of allowed cases (in the 6% percentile). This examiner rarely issues Quayle actions compared to other examiners. Allowances typically come directly without a separate action for formal matters.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.