Detailed information about the 100 most recent patent applications.
| Application Number | Title | Filing Date | Disposal Date | Disposition | Time (months) | Office Actions | Restrictions | Interview | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18821432 | OVERLAY APPLICATOR MACHINES AND METHODS OF PROVIDING THE SAME | August 2024 | May 2025 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 18781079 | METHODS AND BONDING AGENTS FOR FORMING WOOD VENEERS WITH NO ADDED FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVES | July 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 8 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18749031 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ELECTRONIC DEVICE | June 2024 | May 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18738956 | OVERLAY APPLICATOR MACHINES AND METHODS OF PROVIDING THE SAME | June 2024 | May 2025 | Allow | 11 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18638947 | SUBSTRATE BONDING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE BY USING THE SAME | April 2024 | November 2024 | Allow | 7 | 0 | 0 | No | No |
| 18632184 | DEVICE FOR APPLYING LABELS TO CONTAINERS | April 2024 | December 2024 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18594286 | SKIN PATCH FOR SUN PROTECTION AND METHOD OF MAKING | March 2024 | February 2025 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18424657 | COMPOSITE FIBER WEB HAVING SUPERIOR HEAT RESISTANCE AND SOUND ABSORPTION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME | January 2024 | March 2025 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18416089 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CROSS-PLY PRE-IMPREGNATED MATERIAL | January 2024 | October 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18395004 | Multilayered nonwoven fabric containing submicron fibers, a method of manufacture, an apparatus, and articles made from multilayered nonwoven fabrics | December 2023 | November 2024 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18455129 | SYSTEM FOR FORMING A ROOFING MEMBRANE, AND ASSOCIATED METHOD | August 2023 | August 2024 | Allow | 11 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 18212014 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING ELEMENT, A PRESSING DEVICE AND A METHOD OF EMBOSSING A WOODEN SURFACE | June 2023 | April 2025 | Allow | 22 | 4 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18333446 | ROOF COVER BOARD DERIVED FROM ENGINEERED RECYCLED CONTENT | June 2023 | December 2024 | Allow | 18 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18313109 | HOLLOW CONICAL MEMBER WITH FLAVOR CAPSULE | May 2023 | February 2024 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18313094 | SMOKING ACCESSORY WITH FILTER AND FILTER HAVING A FLAVOR CAPSULE | May 2023 | May 2024 | Allow | 12 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18308124 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING LAMINATE, LAMINATE, AND AIRBAG | April 2023 | July 2024 | Allow | 15 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18302593 | FILTERS AND ELONGATED MEMBERS FORMED OF PALM PAPER AND HAVING A FLAVOR CAPSULE | April 2023 | September 2023 | Allow | 5 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18028803 | METHODS OF FABRICATION OF COMPOUND LIGHT-GUIDE OPTICAL ELEMENTS HAVING EMBEDDED COUPLING-IN REFLECTORS | March 2023 | October 2023 | Allow | 6 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18162165 | DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR BONDING THE SAME | January 2023 | October 2023 | Allow | 8 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18157811 | METHOD TO PRODUCE A VENEER ELEMENT AND A VENEER ELEMENT | January 2023 | November 2023 | Allow | 10 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 18000868 | METHOD OF GLUING A WOOD PRODUCT AND A GLUED WOOD PRODUCT | December 2022 | March 2025 | Abandon | 27 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 18055783 | THERMOFORM WINDSHIELD STACK WITH INTEGRATED FORMABLE MOLD AND METHOD | November 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 9 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 18050602 | LAMINATED BODY PRESSING APPARATUS, PRESSED STRIP-SHAPED LAMINATED BODY MANUFACTURING METHOD, LAMINATED ELECTRODE BODY MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND BATTERY MANUFACTURING METHOD | October 2022 | April 2024 | Allow | 18 | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17965879 | DENSIFIED WOOD INCLUDING PROCESS FOR PREPARATION | October 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 10 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17946775 | WINDER UNIT FOR VEHICLE GLAZING PANEL CUT OUT | September 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 21 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17930038 | AEROSOL PROVISION DEVICE | September 2022 | April 2025 | Abandon | 31 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17905734 | AEROSOL-GENERATING ARTICLE HAVING A PLURALITY OF AIR INGRESS ZONES | September 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 33 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17908708 | Vaporiser with Lid Comprising Protrusion | September 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17893395 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL LEATHER SEAT COVERING | August 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 33 | 5 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17885648 | PAPERBOARD PANEL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME | August 2022 | January 2024 | Allow | 17 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17885563 | FILM LAMINATING MACHINE AND FILM LAMINATING METHOD | August 2022 | December 2024 | Abandon | 28 | 3 | 3 | No | No |
| 17797913 | CARTRIDGE AND AEROSOL GENERATING APPARATUS COMPRISING THE SAME | August 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 33 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17796668 | METHOD FOR ATTACHING EMBLEM TO VEHICLE SEAT | July 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 13 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17758884 | HEAT-NOT-BURN TOBACCO DEVICE | July 2022 | May 2025 | Allow | 34 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17853444 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING FILTER ELEMENTS SUITABLE FOR USE IN SMOKING ARTICLES | June 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17806657 | TAPE CARRIER ASSEMBLIES HAVING AN INTEGRATED ADHESIVE FILM | June 2022 | May 2023 | Allow | 11 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17835164 | SINGLE AND DUAL PARALLEL WEBLINE ASSEMBLY | June 2022 | February 2024 | Allow | 21 | 4 | 2 | Yes | No |
| 17834146 | SHINGLE WITH REINFORCED NAIL ZONE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING | June 2022 | July 2024 | Allow | 25 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17805193 | FIBER ENFORCED THIN BRICK SHEET AND PROCESS | June 2022 | August 2023 | Allow | 14 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17779004 | AEROSOL GENERATING DEVICE AND AEROSOL GENERATING SYSTEM | May 2022 | February 2025 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17750621 | VAPORIZER AND ELECTRONIC VAPORIZATION DEVICE | May 2022 | April 2025 | Allow | 35 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17776252 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A VENEERED BOARD | May 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 32 | 4 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17743269 | IN-LINE LAMINATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE PANELS WITH EMBOSSED FILM LAYERS | May 2022 | January 2025 | Allow | 32 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17739959 | HIGH-VOLUME MILLIMETER SCALE MANUFACTURING | May 2022 | February 2025 | Abandon | 34 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17774844 | ULTRASONIC ATOMIZER | May 2022 | November 2024 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17772358 | ULTRASONIC MIST INHALER | April 2022 | September 2024 | Allow | 29 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17769850 | NOVEL AEROSOL-GENERATING SUBSTRATE COMPRISING ILLICIUM SPECIES | April 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 38 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17722385 | ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE CAPABLE OF DOSE CONTROL AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF | April 2022 | February 2025 | Allow | 34 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17765535 | ATOMIZER ASSEMBLY, ATOMIZER, AND INHALER | March 2022 | November 2024 | Abandon | 32 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17702772 | BUFFER COMPONENT AND PRESSING DEVICE | March 2022 | May 2023 | Allow | 14 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17761275 | CONTAINER FLOORING | March 2022 | May 2025 | Abandon | 38 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17655155 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CROSS-PLY PRE-IMPREGNATED MATERIAL | March 2022 | October 2023 | Allow | 19 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17760564 | VAPORIZATION DEVICE | March 2022 | December 2024 | Abandon | 33 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17694744 | PLENUM INSERT FOR SEAT AND METHOD OF ITS FABRICATION | March 2022 | September 2023 | Allow | 18 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17686121 | SMOKING SUBSTITUTE APPARATUS | March 2022 | February 2025 | Abandon | 36 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17637496 | CERAMIC CORE FOR VAPORIZATION DEVICE | February 2022 | March 2025 | Abandon | 36 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17634225 | AN AEROSOL-GENERATING DEVICE AND A METHOD OF GENERATING A MIXED AEROSOL | February 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 40 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17585379 | AIRLAID COMPOSITE SHEET MATERIAL AND METHOD | January 2022 | November 2023 | Allow | 22 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17581533 | BUILDING SURFACE PANELS WITH AGED FOAM BACKING AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE | January 2022 | June 2025 | Allow | 41 | 3 | 2 | Yes | No |
| 17580624 | ELECTRONIC ATOMIZATION DEVICE AND SMOKE-GENERATING ASSEMBLY | January 2022 | December 2024 | Allow | 35 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17577151 | TAPE LAMINATION MACHINE SCRAP COLLECTION ASSEMBLY | January 2022 | February 2023 | Allow | 13 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17565478 | MULTIFUNCTIONAL LAMINATOR | December 2021 | March 2023 | Abandon | 14 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17644850 | METHOD OF PRODUCING A ROLL-SHAPED BODY | December 2021 | June 2024 | Allow | 30 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17533526 | AEROSOL DELIVERY DEVICE | November 2021 | March 2025 | Allow | 40 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17611709 | AN AEROSOL-GENERATING SYSTEM AND HAPTIC OUTPUT ELEMENT FOR AN AEROSOL-GENERATING SYSTEM | November 2021 | April 2025 | Allow | 41 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17525469 | IN-LINE LAMINATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE PANELS WITH TEXTURED FILM LAYERS | November 2021 | March 2025 | Abandon | 40 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17525453 | IN-LINE LAMINATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DECORATIVE THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE PANELS | November 2021 | August 2024 | Abandon | 33 | 3 | 1 | No | Yes |
| 17518833 | Aerosol Generating Articles and Methods for Manufacturing the Same | November 2021 | August 2023 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17518149 | PERFORATED LAMINATED PRODUCT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THIS PRODUCT | November 2021 | March 2023 | Allow | 16 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17608420 | ELECTRONIC AEROSOL PROVISION SYSTEM | November 2021 | February 2025 | Allow | 39 | 3 | 0 | No | No |
| 17496889 | Systems And Methods Of Applying Materials To Components | October 2021 | June 2023 | Allow | 20 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17483170 | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM WITH AT LEAST ONE ELECTRONIC NOSE | September 2021 | November 2023 | Allow | 26 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17463893 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ELECTRONIC DEVICE | September 2021 | March 2024 | Allow | 30 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17410404 | Personal Smoke Filter Device comprising a Pre-Filter | August 2021 | December 2024 | Abandon | 39 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17406111 | Preparation Method of Display Apparatus and Display Apparatus | August 2021 | May 2024 | Allow | 33 | 2 | 2 | Yes | No |
| 17372296 | FLEXIBLE COMPOSITE SYSTEMS AND METHODS | July 2021 | June 2023 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17363322 | SKIN PATCH FOR SUN PROTECTION AND METHOD OF MAKING | June 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 29 | 4 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17356189 | DIAGNOSTIC TESTING DEVICE | June 2021 | August 2023 | Abandon | 26 | 3 | 2 | No | No |
| 17343581 | Tape for Insulation Jacket and Method of Insulating an Object | June 2021 | October 2023 | Allow | 28 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17343520 | Tape for Insulation Jacketing and Method of Forming Securable Insulation Jacket | June 2021 | July 2023 | Allow | 25 | 1 | 0 | No | No |
| 17315480 | DENSIFIED WOOD INCLUDING PROCESS FOR PREPARATION | May 2021 | August 2022 | Allow | 16 | 5 | 1 | No | No |
| 17290938 | METHODS FOR UNIFORM ADHESIVE BONDLINE CONTROL FOR 3D COLD FORMED CURVED LAMINATE | May 2021 | July 2024 | Allow | 38 | 2 | 2 | No | No |
| 17246699 | METHOD FOR FABRICATING MICROFLUIDIC STRUCTURES | May 2021 | May 2023 | Abandon | 24 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17243190 | Helmet Impact Attenuation Article | April 2021 | January 2024 | Abandon | 33 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17241604 | MOLDED DOOR FACING BLANK AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME | April 2021 | November 2022 | Abandon | 18 | 0 | 1 | No | No |
| 17239707 | ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE VAPING DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE | April 2021 | September 2024 | Allow | 41 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17239716 | CARTRIDGE AND ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE | April 2021 | November 2024 | Allow | 43 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17239422 | DE-TAPING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR REMOVING A TAPE OF A LENS-MOLD-ASSEMBLY | April 2021 | December 2023 | Allow | 31 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17237315 | Roof Cover Board Derived From Engineered Recycled Content | April 2021 | May 2023 | Allow | 25 | 1 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17233850 | NON-COMBUSTIBLE HEATING-TYPE SMOKING ARTICLE, ELECTRIC HEATING-TYPE SMOKING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING NON-COMBUSTIBLE HEATING-TYPE SMOKING ARTICLE | April 2021 | February 2025 | Allow | 46 | 4 | 2 | Yes | No |
| 17232687 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING ELEMENT, A PRESSING DEVICE AND A METHOD OF EMBOSSING A WOODEN SURFACE | April 2021 | March 2023 | Allow | 23 | 1 | 1 | No | No |
| 17220151 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING EMBEDDED PACKAGE STRUCTURE HAVING AIR RESONANT CAVITY | April 2021 | April 2024 | Allow | 37 | 1 | 2 | No | No |
| 17218542 | STRUCTURAL ROD FOR AN AIRCRAFT, COMPRISING A ROD BODY WITH A SANDWICH STRUCTURE | March 2021 | January 2023 | Allow | 21 | 2 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17281026 | AEROSOL GENERATING DEVICE | March 2021 | May 2025 | Allow | 50 | 3 | 1 | Yes | No |
| 17211517 | HOLLOW CONICAL MEMBER WITH FLAVOR CAPSULE | March 2021 | March 2023 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 0 | No | No |
| 17211610 | FILTERS AND ELONGATED MEMBERS FORMED OF PALM PAPER AND HAVING A FLAVOR CAPSULE | March 2021 | March 2023 | Allow | 24 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17278833 | INDUCTIVELY HEATABLE AEROSOL-GENERATING ARTICLE COMPRISING AN AEROSOL-FORMING SUBSTRATE AND A SUSCEPTOR ASSEMBLY | March 2021 | November 2024 | Allow | 44 | 2 | 1 | No | No |
| 17208192 | RIGID BOARD PLASTIC FLOORING AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD | March 2021 | February 2023 | Allow | 23 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17193112 | Method of Making Wooden Board Assembly | March 2021 | May 2022 | Allow | 14 | 1 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 17191174 | Process for Making a Flexible Foil Heater | March 2021 | January 2023 | Allow | 22 | 2 | 0 | Yes | No |
This analysis examines appeal outcomes and the strategic value of filing appeals for examiner GRAY, LINDA LAMEY.
With a 40.0% reversal rate, the PTAB reverses the examiner's rejections in a meaningful percentage of cases. This reversal rate is above the USPTO average, indicating that appeals have better success here than typical.
Filing a Notice of Appeal can sometimes lead to allowance even before the appeal is fully briefed or decided by the PTAB. This occurs when the examiner or their supervisor reconsiders the rejection during the mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) after the appeal is filed.
In this dataset, 36.8% of applications that filed an appeal were subsequently allowed. This appeal filing benefit rate is above the USPTO average, suggesting that filing an appeal can be an effective strategy for prompting reconsideration.
✓ Appeals to PTAB show good success rates. If you have a strong case on the merits, consider fully prosecuting the appeal to a Board decision.
✓ Filing a Notice of Appeal is strategically valuable. The act of filing often prompts favorable reconsideration during the mandatory appeal conference.
Examiner GRAY, LINDA LAMEY works in Art Unit 1745 and has examined 793 patent applications in our dataset. With an allowance rate of 79.6%, this examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications. Applications typically reach final disposition in approximately 29 months.
Examiner GRAY, LINDA LAMEY's allowance rate of 79.6% places them in the 41% percentile among all USPTO examiners. This examiner has a below-average tendency to allow applications.
On average, applications examined by GRAY, LINDA LAMEY receive 1.71 office actions before reaching final disposition. This places the examiner in the 49% percentile for office actions issued. This examiner issues fewer office actions than average, which may indicate efficient prosecution or a more lenient examination style.
The median time to disposition (half-life) for applications examined by GRAY, LINDA LAMEY is 29 months. This places the examiner in the 45% percentile for prosecution speed. Prosecution timelines are slightly slower than average with this examiner.
Conducting an examiner interview provides a +21.6% benefit to allowance rate for applications examined by GRAY, LINDA LAMEY. This interview benefit is in the 70% percentile among all examiners. Recommendation: Interviews provide an above-average benefit with this examiner and are worth considering.
When applicants file an RCE with this examiner, 30.2% of applications are subsequently allowed. This success rate is in the 51% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Insight: RCEs show above-average effectiveness with this examiner. Consider whether your amendments or new arguments are strong enough to warrant an RCE versus filing a continuation.
This examiner enters after-final amendments leading to allowance in 56.8% of cases where such amendments are filed. This entry rate is in the 79% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Recommendation: This examiner is highly receptive to after-final amendments compared to other examiners. Per MPEP § 714.12, after-final amendments may be entered "under justifiable circumstances." Consider filing after-final amendments with a clear showing of allowability rather than immediately filing an RCE, as this examiner frequently enters such amendments.
When applicants request a pre-appeal conference (PAC) with this examiner, 28.6% result in withdrawal of the rejection or reopening of prosecution. This success rate is in the 28% percentile among all examiners. Note: Pre-appeal conferences show below-average success with this examiner. Consider whether your arguments are strong enough to warrant a PAC request.
This examiner withdraws rejections or reopens prosecution in 70.6% of appeals filed. This is in the 52% percentile among all examiners. Of these withdrawals, 50.0% occur early in the appeal process (after Notice of Appeal but before Appeal Brief). Strategic Insight: This examiner shows above-average willingness to reconsider rejections during appeals. The mandatory appeal conference (MPEP § 1207.01) provides an opportunity for reconsideration.
When applicants file petitions regarding this examiner's actions, 58.8% are granted (fully or in part). This grant rate is in the 75% percentile among all examiners. Strategic Note: Petitions show above-average success regarding this examiner's actions. Petitionable matters include restriction requirements (MPEP § 1002.02(c)(2)) and various procedural issues.
Examiner's Amendments: This examiner makes examiner's amendments in 1.9% of allowed cases (in the 76% percentile). Per MPEP § 1302.04, examiner's amendments are used to place applications in condition for allowance when only minor changes are needed. This examiner frequently uses this tool compared to other examiners, indicating a cooperative approach to getting applications allowed. Strategic Insight: If you are close to allowance but minor claim amendments are needed, this examiner may be willing to make an examiner's amendment rather than requiring another round of prosecution.
Quayle Actions: This examiner issues Ex Parte Quayle actions in 25.4% of allowed cases (in the 94% percentile). Per MPEP § 714.14, a Quayle action indicates that all claims are allowable but formal matters remain. This examiner frequently uses Quayle actions compared to other examiners, which is a positive indicator that once substantive issues are resolved, allowance follows quickly.
Based on the statistical analysis of this examiner's prosecution patterns, here are tailored strategic recommendations:
Not Legal Advice: The information provided in this report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified patent attorney or agent for advice specific to your situation.
No Guarantees: We do not provide any guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the statistics presented above. Patent prosecution statistics are derived from publicly available USPTO data and are subject to data quality limitations, processing errors, and changes in USPTO practices over time.
Limitation of Liability: Under no circumstances will IronCrow AI be liable for any outcome, decision, or action resulting from your reliance on the statistics, analysis, or recommendations presented in this report. Past prosecution patterns do not guarantee future results.
Use at Your Own Risk: While we strive to provide accurate and useful prosecution statistics, you should independently verify any information that is material to your prosecution strategy and use your professional judgment in all patent prosecution matters.